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FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY. 


A  CATALOGUE 

OF  THE 

PELENOGAMOUS  AND   VASCULAR  CRYPTOGAMOUS 

PLANTS  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY, 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

BY  JOSEPH  JACKSON. 


SECOND  EDITION,  REVISED  AND  ENLARGED. 


WORCESTER : 

1894. 


WORCESTER : 

PRIVATE  PRESS  OF  FRANKLIN  P.  RICE. 
MDCCCXCIV. 


PREFACE. 

IN  the  autumn  of  1883  I  prepared  for  publication  the  first 
Catalogue  of  the  Plants  of  Worcester  County,  Massachusetts, 
containing  eight  hundred  and  twelve  species  and  well-marked 
varieties.  In  the  meantime,  by  the  kind  and  generous  help  of 
many  friends,  all  of  whom  will  understand,  I  hope,  that  whether 
their  names  appear  in  these  pages  or  not,  my  sense  of  obliga- 
tion to  them  is  here  fully  acknowledged  and  gratefully  remem- 
bered, more  than  two  hundred  additions  have  been  made. 

This  Catalogue,  revised  and  enlarged,  is  now  issued  in  the 
hope  that  it  may  serve  as  a  basis  for  still  further  additions,  so 
that,  in  due  time,  our  county  may  have  its  flora  as  fully  re- 
corded as  possible.  Its  main  purpose  is  to  help  and  to 
encourage  the  beginner  and  to  afford  pleasure  to  those  who 
take  an  interest  in  untamed  and  unpruned  Nature. 

Much  yet  remains  to  be  done.  The  mosses,  lichens,  fungi 
and  algae  furnish  a  wide  field  for  the  cooperation  of  workers 
in  different  parts  of  the  county  for  some  years.  The  yearly 
increasing  interest  in  such  work  and  the  greatly  increased 
facilities  for  prosecuting  it  are  hopeful  signs  of  its  accomplish- 
ment. 


4  PREFACE. 

The  arrangement  and  the  nomenclature  of  this  Catalogue 
are  those  of  Gray's  Manual  of  the  Botany  of  the  Northern 
United  States, —  Sixth  edition,  1890  —  the  book  most  readily 
accessible  to  all  persons  interested  in  the  study  of  our  local 
flora.  In  the  present  state  of  botanical  nomenclature,  and  for 
the  purpose  for  which  this  Catalogue  is  intended,  I  have  not 
thought  it  wise  or  necessary  to  adopt  proposed  changes  not 
yet  generally  accepted.  The  student  interested  in  such  mat- 
ters can  easily  adapt  himself  to  changing  conditions. 

Introduced  species,  so  far  as  I  have  been  able  to  determine 
the  fact  of  introduction,  are  indicated  by  a  *. 


FLOKA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY, 

SERIES   I.     PH^NOGAMIA. 
CLASS  I.     DICOTYLEDONE^E. 

SUB-CLASS    I.     ANGIOSPERM^:. 
DIVISION  I.     POLYPETAL^E. 

RANUNCULACE^E. 

CLEMATIS,  L.         Virgin's  Bower. 

Virginiana,  L.  Common. 

ANEMONE,  Tourn.  Anemone. 

cylindrica,  Gray.         Long-fruited  Anemone. 

Virginiana,  L.  Common. 

nemorosa,  L.  Anemone.  Very  common. 

HEPATICA,  Dill.  Liver-leaf.  Hepatica. 

triloba,  Chaix.  Common. 

ANEMONELLA,  Spach. 

thalictroides,  Spach.         Rue-Anemone.  Not  rare. 


6  FLORA    OF   WORCESTER    COUNTY. 

THALICTRUM,  Tourn.         Meadow-Rue. 

dioicum,  L.         Early  Meadow-Rue.  Rocky  woods, 

polygamum,  Muhl.     Tall  Meadow-Rue.  ,  Common, 

purpurascens,  L.     Purplish  Meadow-Rue.  Grafton. 

RANUNCULUS,  Tourn.         Crowfoot.     Buttercup. 

aquatilis,  L.,  var.  trichophyllus,  Gray.    White  Water- 
Crowfoot.  Worcester,  Gardner, 
multifidus,  Pursh.     Yellow  Water-Crowfoot. 
Flammula,  L.,  var.  reptans,  E.  Meyer.         Lancaster. 

F.  L.  Palmer. 

abortivus,  L.     Small-flowered  Crowfoot.  Common, 

recurvatus,  Poir.     Hooked  Crowfoot.      Woods,  common, 
fascicularis,  Muhl.     Early  Buttercup.  Dry  hills. 

"  "          var.     Sunnyside,  Worcester. 

Prof.  Eaton. 

septentrionalis,  Poir.  Worcester. 

Pennsylvania^,  L.  f.     Bristly  Buttercup.     Barre. 

Miss  Sara  Lane. 

*bulbosus,  L.     Bulbous  Buttercup.  Common. 

*acris,  L.     Tall  Buttercup.  Very  common. 

CALTHA,  L.         Marsh  Marigold. 

palustris,  L.     Cowslip,  but  not  of  literature.        Common. 
COPTIS,  Salisb.         Goldthread. 

trifolia,  Salisb.     Three-leaved  Goldthread.          Common. 
AQUILEGIA,  Tourn.         Columbine. 

Canadensis,  L.     Wild  Columbine.  Common. 

,  L.         Baneberry. 

spicata,  L.,  var.  rubra,  Ait.     Red  Baneberry.      In  copses, 
alba,  Bigel.     White  Baneberry.  With  the  last. 


FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY.         7 

MAGNOLIACE^E. 

LIRIODENDRON,  L.        Tulip-Tree. 

Tulipifera,  L.  Rare.     G.  E.  Stone. 

BERBERIDACE^E. 

BERBERIS,  L.     Barberry. 

*vulgaris,  L.  In  eastern  and  southern  parts  of  the  county. 
CAULOPHYLLUM,  Michx.         Blue  Cohosh. 

thalictroides,  Michx.       Pappoose-root.  Worcester, 

Princeton. 
PODOPHYLLUM,  L.         May-  Apple.     Mandrake. 

peltatum,  L.  West  Boylston.     Arba  Pierce. 


BRASENIA,  Schreber.         Water-Shield. 

peltata,  Pursh.  Common. 

NYMPH./EA,  Tourn.  Water-Lily. 

odorata,  Ait.  Sweet-scented  Water-  Lily.  Common. 

"  "  var.  minor,  Sims.  Rare. 

NUPHAR,  Smith.  Yellow  Pond-Lily. 

advena,  Ait.  f.  Common. 

Kalmianum,  Ait.  Southbridge.     Z.  E.  Ammidoivn. 

SARRACENIACE^E. 

SARRACENIA,  Tourn.         Side-saddle  Flower. 

purpurea,  L.     Pitcher-Plant.  Common. 

PAPAVERACE^E. 

SANGUINARIA,  Dill.         Blood-root. 

Canadensis,  L.  Common  on  rocky  hillsides. 


8 


FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY. 


CHELIDONIUM,  L.         Celandine. 

*majus,  L.     Celandine. 
PAPAVER,  Tourn.         Poppy. 

*somniferum,  L.     Common  Poppy. 


FUMARIACEJE. 

Climbing  Fumitory. 


Waste  grounds. 

Sutton. 

Dr.  G.  C.  Webber. 


ADLUMIA,  Raf. 

cirrhosa,  Raf. 
DICENTRA,  Borkh.         Dutchman's  Breeches. 

Cucullaria,  DC.     Dutchman's  Breeches.     Barre. 

Miss  Sara  Lane. 

Canadensis,  DC.     Squirrel  Corn. 
CORYDALIS,  Vent.         Corydalis. 

glauca,  Pursh.     Pale  Corydalis. 

aurea,  Willd.     Golden  Corydalis. 


Rare. 


Barre,  Winchendon. 


In  dry  woods. 
Winchendon. 
F.  R.  Hathaway. 


FUMARIA,  Tourn.     Fumitory. 

*officinalis,  L.     Common  Fumitory. 

CRUCIFER^E. 


Waste  places. 


Miss  E.  M.  Reed. 

Wet  meadows. 
Wet  places. 


DENTARIA,  Tourn.         Pepper-root. 

diphylla,  L.         North  Brookfield. 
CARDAMINE,  Tourn.         Bitter  Cress. 

rhomboidea,  DC.     Spring  Cress. 

hirsuta,  L.     Small  Bitter  Cress. 

parviflora.  A  form  answering  to  this  is  found  on  Mt. 

Wachusett. 
ARABIS,  L.         Rock  Cress. 

Canadensis,  L.     Sickle-pod.  Sutton. 

perfoliata,  Lam.     Tower  Mustard.          Sutton,  Worcester. 


FLORA    OF   WORCESTER   COUNTY.  9 

• 
ALYSSUM,  Tourn.         Alyssum. 

*calycinum,  L.  Occasional. 

CAMELINA,  Crantz.         False  Flax. 

*sativa,  Crantz.  Occasional. 

NASTURTIUM,  R.  Br.         Water-Cress. 

*officinale,  R.  Br.     True  Water- Cress.  Common. 

palustre,  DC.     Marsh  Cress. 

*     "          "     var.  hispidum,  DC.  Not  rare. 

*Armoracia,  Fries.     Horseradish.  Escaped. 

BARBAREA,  R.  Br.         Winter  Cress. 

vulgaris,  R.  Br.     Common  Winter  Cress. 
SISYMBRIUM,  Tourn.         Hedge  Mustard. 

*officinale,  Scop.     Hedge  Mustard.  Worcester. 

'    Prof.  Eaton. 
BRASSICA,  Tourn.         Mustard. 

*nigra,  Koch.     Black  Mustard.  Waste  places. 

CAPSELLA,  Medic.         Shepherd's  Purse. 

*Bursa-pastoris,  Mcench.  Very  common. 

THLASPI,  Tourn.         Pennycress. 

*arvense,  L.     Field  Pennycress.        Waste  places.     Rare. 
LEPIDIUM,  Tourn.         Peppergrass. 

Virginicum,  L.     Wild  Peppergrass.  Common. 

*ruderale,  L.  Not  common. 

RAPHANUS,  Tourn.         Radish. 

*Raphanistrum,  L.     Wild  Radish.         Lunenburg. 

Mr.  Kilburn. 

*sativus,  L.     Garden  Radish.    Occasionally  spontaneous. 

CISTACE^E. 

HELIANTHEMUM,  Tourn.         Rock-rose. 

Canadense,  Michx.  Frost-weed.  Common  in  dry  grounds. 


10        FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY. 

LECHEA,  Kalm.         Pinweed. 

major,  Michx.  Templeton.      V.  P.  Parkhurst. 

minor,  L.  Dry  and  sterile  grounds, 

tenuifolia,  Michx.  With  the  last. 

VIOLACE^E. 

VIOLA,  Tourn.        Violet. 

pedata,  L.     Bird-foot  Violet.          Common  in  sandy  soil. 

palmata,  L.     Common  Blue  Violet.  Common. 

"          "  var.  cucullata,  Gray.    Low  grounds,  common. 

sagittata,  Ait..     Arrow-leaved  Violet.  Dry  grounds, 

common, 
blanda,  Willd.     Sweet  White  Violet.          Common  in  wet 

grounds. 

primulsefolia,  L.  Worcester.     Prof.  Eaton. 

lanceolata,  L.     Lance-leaved  Violet.  Wet  grounds, 

common. 

rotundifolia,  Michx.     Early  Yellow  Violet.      Cold  woods, 
pubescens,  Ait.     Downy  Yellow  Violet.  Common, 

striata,  Ait.     Pale  Violet.  Leicester, 

rostrata,  Pursh.     Long-spurred  Violet.  Fitchburg. 

canina,  L.,  var.  Muhlenbergii,  Gray.  Dog  Violet.  Common. 
*tricolor,  L.     Pansy.  Occasionally  spontaneous. 

CARYOPHYLLACE^;. 

DIANTHUS,  L.         Pink. 

*Armeria,  L.     Deptford  Pink.  Dry  pastures. 

*deltoides,  L.     Maiden  Pink.  Rare. 

*barbatus,  L.     Sweet  William.  Princeton. 


FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY.        II 

SAPONARIA,  L.     Soap  wort. 

*officinalis,  L.     Soapwort.  Naturalized. 

SILENE,  L.         Catchfly. 

*Cucubalus,  Wibel.     Bladder  Campion.       Meadows,  not 
rare. 

Pennsylvania,  Michx.     Wild  Pink.  Not  abundant. 

antirrhina,  L.     Sleepy  Catchfly.  "  " 

*noctiflora,  L.     Night-flowering  Catchfly.         Rare. 

Dr.  G.  C.  Webber. 
LYCHNIS,  Tourn.         Cockle. 

*vespertina,  Sibth.     Evening  Lychnis.  Occasional. 

*Githago,  Lam.     Corn  Cockle. 

*Flos-cuculi,  L.     Ragged  Robin.  " 

ARENARIA,  L.         Sandwort. 

Groenlandica,  Spreng.     Mountain  Sandwort.        Ashburn- 
ham.  Prof.  Vose. 

lateriflora,  L.     Sandwort.  Not  rare. 

STELLARIA,  L.         Chickweed. 

*media,  Smith.     Common  Chickweed.        Very  common. 

longifolia,  Muhl.     Long-leaved  Stitchwort.          Common. 

borealis,  Bigel.     Northern  Stitchwort.    In  shaded  places. 
CERASTIUM,  L.         Mouse-ear  Chickweed. 

*viscosum,  L.     Mouse-ear  Chickweed.         Not  common. 

*vulgatum,  L.     Larger  Mouse-ear  Chickweed.  Common. 

arvense,  L.     Field  Chickweed.  Dry  places. 

SAGINA,  L.         Pearlwort. 

procumbens,  L.  In  shaded  pastures.     Rare. 

BUDA,  Adans.          Sand-Spurrey. 

rubra,  Dumort.  Common  in  dry  soil. 


12        FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY. 

SPERGULA,  L.         Spurrey. 

*arvensis,  L.     Corn  Spurrey.  Not  rare. 

PORTULACACE^E. 

PORTULACA,  Tourn.         Purslane. 

*oleracea,  L.     Common  Purslane.     Common  in  gardens. 
CLAYTDNIA,  Gronov.         Spring-Beauty. 

Caroliniana,  Michx.  Worcester,  Holden. 

HYPERICACE.E. 

HYPERICUM,  Tourn.         St.  John's-wort. 

ellipticum,  Hook.  Wet  places.     Common. 

*perforatum,  L.  Common  St.  John's-wort.  Fields. 

Common. 

maculatum,  Walt.  Common  in  damp  places. 

mutilum,  L.  In  low  grounds. 

Canadense,  L.  Common  in  low  grounds. 

nudicaule,  Walt.  Pine-weed.  In  dry  grounds. 

ELODES,  Adans.  Marsh  St.  John's-wort. 

campanulata,  Pursh.  Common  in  swampy  grounds. 

MALVACEAE. 

MALVA,  L.         Mallow. 

*rotundifolia,  L.     Common  Mallow.  Common. 

*sylvestris,  L.     High  Mallow.  Waysides. 

*crispa,  L.     Curled  Mallow.  Sparingly  escaped. 

*moschata,  L.     Musk  Mallow.  "              " 

TILIACE^E. 

TILIA,  Tourn.         Basswood. 

Americana,  L.     Basswood.  Common. 


FLORA   OF   WORCESTER   COUNTY.  13 

LINAGES. 

LINUM,  Tourn.         Flax. 

*usitatissimum,  L.     Common  Flax.  Occasionally 

spontaneous. 

GERANIACE^E. 

GERANIUM,  Tourn.         Cranesbill. 

maculatum,  L.     Wild  Cranesbill.  Common. 

Robertianum,  L.     Herb  Robert.  Mt.  Wachusett, 

Prof.  Eaton;  Worcester,  G.  Coult. 

Carolinianum,  L.  Cultivated  grounds. 

*pusillum,  L.  Waste  places.     Rare. 

ERODIUM,  L'Her.         Storksbill. 

*cicutarium,  L'Her.  Occasionally  in  meadows. 

OXALIS,  L.         Wood-Sorrel. 

Acetosella,  L.     Common  Wood-Sorrel.    Northern  part  of 

the  county, 
violacea,  L.     Violet  Wood-Sorrel.      Northern  part  of  the 

county, 
corniculata,  L.,  var.  stricta,  Sav.     Yellow  Wood-Sorrel. 

Common. 
IMPATIENS,  L.         Balsam. 

pallida,  Nutt.     Pale  Touch-me-not.  Not  rare, 

fulva,  Nutt.     Spotted  Touch-me-not.  Common. 

RUTACE^E. 

XANTHOXYLUM,  L.         Prickly  Ash. 

Americanum,  Mill.     Northern  Prickly  Ash.          Millbury. 


FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY. 


ILICINE^. 

ILEX,  L.         Holly. 

verticillata,  Gray.     Winterberry. 

laevigata,  Gray.     Smooth  Winterberry. 
NEMOPANTHES,  Raf.     Mountain  Holly. 

fascicularis,  Raf. 


CELASTRUS,  L. 
scandens,  L. 


CELASTRACE^:. 

Bitter-sweet. 
Climbing  Bitter-sweet. 


RHAMNACE^E. 

RHAMNUS,  Tourn.         Buckthorn. 

*cathartica,  L.     Common  Buckthorn. 
CEANOTHUS,  L.         New  Jersey  Tea. 

Americanus,  L.     New  Jersey  Tea. 

VITACE^E. 

VITIS,  Tourn.         Grape. 

Labrusca,  L.     Northern  Fox-Grape. 

cordifolia,  Michx.     Frost  Grape. 

riparia,  Michx. 
AMPELOPSIS,  Michx.         Virginian  Creeper. 

quinquefolia,  Michx. 

SAPINDACE^E. 

ACER,  Tourn.         Maple. 

Pennsylvanicum,  L.     Striped  Maple, 
spicatum,  Lam.     Mountain  Maple, 
the  county. 


Common. 
Swamps. 

Swampy  woods. 


Common. 

Naturalized. 
Common. 


Common. 
Not  uncommon. 
G.  B.  Emerson. 

Common. 


Common. 
Northern  part  of 


FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY. 


Common. 
Northern  part  of 

Common. 


Common. 


saccharinum,  Wang.     Sugar  Maple, 
dasycarpum,  Ehrh.     White  Maple. 

the  county, 
rubrum,  L.     Red  Maple. 

ANACARDIACE^:. 

RHUS,  L.         Sumach. 

typhina,  L.    Staghorn  Sumach, 
glabra,  L.     Smooth  Sumach, 
copallina,  L.     Dwarf  Sumach, 
venenata,  DC.     Poison  Dogwood. 
Toxicodendron,  L.     Poison  Ivy. 

"  var.  radicans,  L. 

POLYGALACE^:. 


POLYGALA,  Tourn.         Milkwort. 

paucifolia,  Willd.     Fringed  Polygala.  Common, 

polygama,  Walt.  Dry  sandy  soil.     Auburn, 

sanguinea,  L.  Common  in  moist  places. 

Nuttallii,  Torr.  &  Gray.  Dry  soil.     Not  common, 

verticillata,  L.  Dry  soil,  common. 

LEGUMINOS^E. 

BAPTISIA,  Vent.         False  Indigo. 

tinctoria,  R.  Br.  Wild  Indigo.  Abundant. 

GENISTA,  L.  Woad-Waxen. 

*tinctoria,  L.  Dyer's  Green-weed.  Rare. 

LUPINUS,  Tourn.  Lupine. 

perennis,  L.     Wild  Lupine.  Quite  common. 


1 6        FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY. 

TRIFOLIUM,  Tourn.        Clover. 

*arvense,  L.     Rabbit-foot  Clover.       Old  fields,  common. 

*pratense,  L.     Red  Clover.  Common  in  meadows. 

*repens,  L.     White  Clover. 

*hybridum,  L.     Alsike  Clover.  Worcester. 

*agrarium,  L.     Yellow  Clover.  " 

*procumbens,  L.     Low  Hop-Clover.  Millbury. 

MELILOTUS,  Tourn.         Melilot. 

*om"cinalis,  Willd.     Yellow  Melilot.  Not  common. 

*alba,  Lam.     White  Melilot.  Common. 

MEDICAGO,  Tourn.         Medick. 

*sativa,  L.     Alfalfa.  Spreading. 

*lupulina,  L.     Black  Medick.  Waste  places. 

*maculata,  Willd.     Spotted  Medick.  "          " 

*denticulata. 
TEPHROSIA,  Pers.         Hoary  Pea. 

Virginiana,  .Pers.     Goat's  Rue.  Dry  soil,  not  rare. 

ROBINIA,  L.         Locust-tree. 

Pseudacacia,  L.     Common  Locust.  Naturalized. 

viscosa,  L.     Clammy  Locust.  " 

CORONILLA,  L. 

*varia,  L.  Rare. 
DESMODIUM,  Desv.         Tick-Trefoil. 

nudiflorum,  DC.  Dry  woods,  not  abundant, 

acuminatum,  DC.  Rich  woods, 

rotundifolium,  DC.  Dry  woods,  not  rare, 

canescens,  DC.  Southbridge.     L.  E.  Ammidown. 

paniculatum,  DC.  Copses,  common. 

Canadense,  DC.  Common  on  roadsides. 


FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY. 


Barre. 


rigidum,  DC. 

ciliare,  DC. 

Marilandicum,  F.  Boott. 
LESPEDEZA,  Michx.         Bush-Clover. 

procumbens,  Michx. 

violacea,  Pers. 

Stuvei,  Nutt. 

polystachya,  Michx. 

capitata,  Michx. 
VICIA,  Tourn.         Vetch. 

*sativa,  L.     Common  Vetch. 

*hirsuta,  Koch. 

Cracca,  L. 
LATHYRUS,  Tourn.         Vetchling. 

ochroleucus,  Hook. 
APIOS,  Boerh.         Ground-nut. 

tuberosa,  Moench. 
PHASEOLUS,  Tourn.         Kidney  Bean. 

perennis,  Walt.     Wild  Bean. 
AMPHICARP^EA,  Ell.         Hog  Pea-nut. 

monoica,  Nutt. 
CASSIA,  Tourn.         Senna. 

Marilandica,  L.     Wild  Senna. 

Chamaecrista,  L.     Partridge  Pea. 
county. 

nictitans,  L.     Wild  Sensitive-Plant. 

ROSACES. 

PRUNUS,  Tourn.         Plum.     Cherry. 

pumila,  L.     Dwarf  Cherry.     Winchendon. 


Common. 

Dry  hills,  not  uncommon. 
Copses. 

In  dry  soil. 

In  dry  copses. 
«     (t        it 

Dry  hills. 
With  the  last. 


Waste  places. 
Miss  Sara  Lane. 
Not  abundant. 


Barre.     Miss  Sara  Lane. 


Low  grounds,  common. 
Not  common. 
Common  in  copses. 

Not  common. 
Southern  part  of  the 

With  the  last. 


A.  S.  Allen. 


1 8        FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY. 

Pennsylvanica,  L.  f.  Wild  Red  Cherry.  Common  in  woods. 

Virginiana,  L.     Choke-Cherry.  Copses. 

serotina,  Ehrh.     Wild  Black  Cherry.  With  the  last. 

SPIRAEA,  L.         Meadow-Sweet. 

salicifolia,  L.     Common  Meadow-Sweet.       Pastures,  etc. 

tomentosa,  L.     Hardhack.  Low  grounds. 

PHYSOCARPUS,  Maxim.         Nine-bark. 

opulifolius,  Maxim.  Worcester.     Miss  E.J.  Seaver. 

RUBUS,  Tourn.         Bramble. 

odoratus,  L.     Purple  Flowering-Raspberry.          Northern 
part  of  the  county. 

triflorus,  Richardson.     Dwarf  Raspberry.      Low  grounds. 

strigosus,  Michx.     Red  Raspberry.  Copses. 

occidentalis,  L.     Black  Raspberry.  " 

villosus,  Ait.     High  Blackberry.  " 

Canadensis,  L.     Low  Blackberry.  Dry  fields. 

hispidus,  L.     Running  Swamp-Blackberry.   Low  grounds. 
DALIBARDA,  L.         Dalibarda. 

repens,  L.  Northern  part  of  the  county. 

GEUM,  L.        Avens. 

album,  Gmelin.  Borders  of  woods. 

Virginianum,  L. 

strictum,  Ait.  Moist  meadows. 

rivale,  L.     Purple  Avens.  Moist  meadows,  common. 

WALDSTEINIA,  Willd. 

fragarioides,  Tratt.     Barren  Strawberry.     Winchendon. 

F.  R.  Hathaway. 
FRAGARIA,  Tourn.         Strawberry. 

Virginiana,  Mill.  Fields  and  woodlands,  common. 

vesca,  L.  Less  common  than  the  last. 


FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY.        1 9 

POTENTILLA,  L.         Cinque-foil. 

Norvegica,  L.  Pastures. 

argentea,  L.     Silvery  Cinque-foil.  Common. 

palustris,  Scop.     Marsh  Five-Finger.  Rare. 

fructicosa,  L.     Shrubby  Cinque-foil.     Eastern  part  of  the 
county. 

tridentata,  Ait.     Three-toothed  Cinque-foil.  Mt. 

Wachusett. 

Canadensis,  L.     Common  Cinque-foil.  Common. 

AGRIMONIA,  Tourn.         Agrimony. 

Eupatoria,  L.     Common  Agrimony.  Copses. 

POTERIUM,  L.         Burnet. 

Canadense,  Benth.  &  Hook.     Canadian  Burnet. 
ROSA,  Tourn.         Rose. 

blanda,  Ait.      Wild  Rose.  Not  common. 

Carolina,  L.         "        "  Borders  of  swamps. 

lucida,  Ehrh.       "        " 

humilis,  Marsh.  Princeton.      W.  W.  Bailey  dr*  J.  F. 

Collins. 

*rubiginosa,  L.     Sweetbrier.  Pastures. 

PYRUS,  L.         Pear.     Apple. 

*Malus,  L.     Apple  Occasionally  self-sown. 

*communis,  L.     Pear.  "  "       " 

arbutifolia,  L.  f.     Choke-berry.     In  huckleberry  pastures. 
"        var.  melanocarpa,  Hook.          Common. 

Americana,  DC.     American  Mountain-Ash.  Mt. 

Wachusett. 

*aucuparia,  Gaert.     European  Mountain-Ash.      Henshaw 
Pond,  Leicester,  spontaneous. 


20        FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY. 

CRATYEGUS,  L.         Hawthorn. 

coccinea,  L.  Scarlet-Thorn.  Common. 

"  "  var.  mollis,  Torr.  &  Gray.  Fitchburg.  Rare. 

punctata,  Jacq.  Worcester. 

AMELANCHIER,  Medic.  June- berry. 

Canadensis,  Torr.  &  Gray.         Shad-bush.  Common. 

SAXIFRAGACE^E. 

SAXIFRAGA,  L.         Saxifrage. 

Virginiensis,  Michx.     Early  Saxifrage.  Common. 

Pennsylvanica,  L.     Swamp  Saxifrage.  " 

TIARELLA,  L.         False  Mitre-wort. 

cordifolia,  L.      Abundant  in  northern  part  of  the  county. 
MITELLA,  Tourn.         Mitre-wort. 

diphylla,  L.  Common. 

CHRYSOSPLENIUM,  Tourn.         Golden  Saxifrage. 

Americanum,  Schwein.  Common  in  wet  places. 

PARNASSIA,  Tourn.         Grass  of  Parnassus. 

Caroliniana,  Michx.  In  low  grounds. 

HYDRANGEA,  Gronov.         Hydrangea. 

arborescens,  L.     Wild  Hydrangea.        Barre.     Miss  Sara 

Lane.     Spontaneous. 
RIBES,  L.         Currant.     Gooseberry. 

Cynosbati,  L.     Wild  Gooseberry.  Rocky  woods. 

rotundifolium,  Michx.     Wild  Gooseberry.          Princeton. 

oxyacanthoides,  L.     Wild  Gooseberry.  Copses. 

prostratum,  L'Her.     Fetid  Currant.  Mt.  Wachusett. 

floridum,  L'Her.     Wild  Black  Currant.  Tatnuck. 

rubrum,  L.,  var.  subglandulosum,  Maxim.      Red  Currant. 
Winchendon. 


FLORA   OF   WORCESTER   COUNTY.  21 

CRASSULACE^E. 

PENTHORUM,  Gronov.         Ditch  Stone-crop. 

sedoides,  L.  Common  in  low  lands. 

SEDUM,  Tourn.        Stone-crop. 

ternatum,  Michx.  Worcester.     Prof.  Eaton. 

*acre,  L.     Mossy  Stone-crop.  Established. 

*Telephium,  L.     Live-for-ever.  " 

DROSERACE^E. 

DROSERA,  L.         Sundew. 

rotundifolia,  L.     Round-leaved  Sundew.    Bogs,  common, 
intermedia,  Hayne,  var.  Americana,  DC.      "  " 

HAMAMELIDE^E. 

HAMAMELIS,  L.     Witch-Hazel. 

Virginiana,  L.  Copses,  common. 

HALORAGE^E. 

MYRIOPHYLLUM,  Vaill.         Water-Milfoil. 

spicatum,  L.  Ponds. 

verticillatum,  L.  Ponds,  common. 

PROSERPINACA,  L.  Mermaid- weed. 

palustris,  L.  Brooks.  Not  rare. 

CALLITRICHE,  L.  Water-Starwort. 

verna,  L.  In  brooks.     Millbury. 

MELASTOMACE^E. 

RHEXIA,  L.         Meadow-Beauty. 

Virginica,  L.  Sutton.     Dr.  G.  C.  Webber. 


22        FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY. 

LYTHRACE^:. 

LYTHRUM,  L.         Loosestrife. 

*Salicaria,  L.     Spiked  Loosestrife.  Not  common. 

DECODON,  Gmel.         Swamp  Loosestrife. 

verticillatus,  Ell.  Swamps.     Not  common. 

ONAGRACE^:. 

LUDWIGIA,  L.         False  Loosestrife. 

alterni folia,  L.     Seed-box.  Swamps. 

palustris,  Ell.     Water  Purslane.  Swamps,  common. 

EPILOBIUM,  L.         Willow-herb. 

angustifolium,  L.     Fire-weed.  Common  in  clearings. 

lineare,  Muhl.  In  low  lands. 

strictum,  Muhl.  "     "       " 

coloratum,  Muhl.  In  low  lands,  common. 

adenocaulon,  Haussk.  Wet  grounds. 

CENOTHERA,  L.         Evening  Primrose. 

biennis,  L.     Common  Evening  Primrose.  Common. 

"         "    var.  grandiflora,  Lindl.  Rare. 

pumila,  L.  Dry  fields.     Quite  common. 

fruticosa,  L.     Sundrops. 
GAURA,  L.         Gaura. 

biennis,  L.  Southbridge.     Z.  E.  Ammidown. 

CIROEA,  Tourn.         Enchanter's  Nightshade. 

Lutetiana,  L.  Common  in  thickets. 

alpina,  L.  Sutton,  Spencer.     Miss  A.  E.  Tucker. 

CUCURBITACE^. 

SICYOS,  L.         One-seeded  Bur-Cucumber. 

angulatus,  L.  Thickets. 


FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY. 


ECHINOCYSTIS,  Torr.  &  Gray, 
lobata,  Torr.  &  Gray. 

FICOIDE^E. 

MOLLUGO,  L.         Indian-Chickweed. 
*verticillata,  L.     Carpet-weed. 

UMBELLIFER^E. 
Carrot. 


Wild  Balsam-apple. 


Rich  soil. 


Common. 


DAUCUS,  Tourn. 

*Carota,  L. 
ANGELICA,  L.        Angelica. 

atropurpurea,  L. 
HERACLEUM,  L.         Cow-Parsnip. 

lanatum,  Michx. 
.PASTINACA,  L.         Parsnip. 

*sativa,  L. 
THASPIUM,  Nutt.         Meadow-Parsnip. 

aureum,  Nutt.  Common  in  low  meadows. 

CRYPTOIVENIA,  DC.         Hone  wort. 

Canadensis,  DC. 
SIUM,  Tourn.         Water  Parsnip. 

cicutsefolium,  Gmelin. 

Carsonii,  Durand. 
ZIZIA,  Koch.         Zizia. 

aurea,  Koch. 
CARUM,  L.         Caraway. 

*Carui,  L.     Caraway. 
CICUTA,  L.        Water-Hemlock. 

maculata,  L.     Musquash  Root.          Common  in  swamps. 

bulbifera,  L.  Worcester.     H.  H.  Kingsbury. 


Common. 
In  low  grounds. 
In  low  grounds. 

Common. 


Worcester,  Southbridge. 

In  wet  places. 
Swamps.     Sutton. 

Upland  meadows. 
Common. 


24        FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY. 

CONIUM,  L.         Poison  Hemlock. 

*maculatum,  L.  Not  rare. 

OSMORRHIZA,  Raf.         Sweet  Cicely. 

brevistylis,  DC.  Worcester.     Prof.  Eaton. 

longistylis,  DC. 
HYDROCOTYLE,  Tourn.         Water  Pennywort. 

Americana,  L.  Common  in  damp  woods. 

SANICULA,  Tourn.         Sanicle. 

Marylandica,  L.  Common  in  copses. 

"  "    var.  Canadensis,  Torr.  .  Worcester. 

ARALIACE^E. 

ARALIA,  Tourn.         Ginseng. 

racemosa,  L.     Spikenard.  Occasional, 

hispida,  Vent.     Wild  Elder.  Common  in  clearings, 

nudicaulis,  L.     Wild  Sarsaparilla.  Common, 

quinquefolia,  Decsne.  &  Planch.  Ginseng.    Not  common, 
trifolia,  Decsne.  &  Planch.     Dwarf  Ginseng.       Common. 

CORNACE^:. 

CORNUS,  Tourn.         Cornel.     Dogwood. 

Canadensis,  L.     Bunch-berry.  Common  northwards. 

florida,  L.     Flowering  Dogwood.  "         southwards. 

circinata,  L'Her.     Round-leaved  Cornel.      Not  common. 

sericea,  L.     Silky  Cornel.  Common. 

stolonifera,  Michx.     Red-osier  Dogwood.  Sutton. 

paniculata,  L'Her.     Panicled  Cornel.  Common. 

alternifolia,  L.  f.     Alternate-leaved  Cornel.  " 

NYSSA,  L.        Tupelo. 

sylvatica,  Marsh.     Tupelo.  Occasional. 


FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY.        25 

DIVISION  II.     GAMOPETAL^E. 

CAPRIFOLIACE^E. 

SAMBUCUS,  Tourn.         Elder. 

Canadensis,  L.     Common  Elder.      Common  in  rich  soil. 

racemosa,  L.     Red-berried  Elder.  Rocky  woods. 

VIBURNUM,  L.         Arrow-wood. 

lantanoides,  Michx.     Hobble-bush.  Common  in  the 

northern  part  of  the  county. 

Opulus,  L.     Cranberry-tree.  Rare  in  the  southern 

part  of  the  county. 

acerifolium,  L.     Maple-leaved  Viburnum.  Common. 

dentatum,  L.     Arrow-wood.        Common  in  wet  grounds. 

cassinoides,  L.     Withe-rod.  Swamps,  common. 

Lentago,  L.     Sweet  Viburnum.  Occasional. 

TRIOSTEUM,  L.         Fever-wort. 

perfoliatum,  L.  Boylston. 

LINN^A,  Gronov.         Twin-flower. 

borealis,  L.  Gardner,  Templeton. 

SYMPHORICARPOS,  Dill.         Snowberry. 

racemosus,  Michx.     Snowberry.          Farnumsville.     Miss 

K.  I.  Fish. 
LONICERA,  L.         Honeysuckle. 

ciliata,  Muhl.     Fly-Honeysuckle.  Common. 

cxrulea,  L.     Mountain  Fly-Honeysuckle.  Boylston. 

hirsuta,  Eaton.     Hairy  Honeysuckle.  Bigelow's 

Fl.  Bost. 

glauca,  Hill.  West  Boylston,  North  Brookfield. 

DIERVILLA,  Tourn.         Bush-Honeysuckle. 

trifida,  Moench.  Common  in  copses. 


26  FLORA   OF   WORCESTER    COUNTY. 

RUBIACEyE. 

HOUSTONIA,  L.        Houstonia. 

caerulea,  L.  Bluets.  Common. 

CEPHALANTHUS,  L.  Button-bush. 

occidentalis,  L.  Button-bush.  Common  in  swamps. 

MITCHELLA,  L.  Partridge-berry. 

repens,  L.  Partridge-berry.  Common. 

GALIUM,  L.  Bedstraw. 

*Mollugo,  L.  Princeton.      W.  W.  B.  &  J.  F.  C. 

circaezans,  Michx.     Wild  Liquorice.  Rich  woods. 

lanceolatum,  Torr.  Wild  Liquorice.  Dry  woods. 

Worcester.  Miss  Sargent. 

trifidum,  L.  Small  Bedstraw.  In  we.t  grounds. 

"  var.  pusillum,  Gray.  "  "  " 

asprellum,  Michx.     Rough  Bedstraw.         "     "         " 

triflorum,  Michx.    Sweet-scented  Bedstraw.    Rich  woods. 

DIPSACE^E. 

DIPSACUS,  Tourn.         Teasel. 

*sylvestris,  Mill.     Wild  Teasel.  Worcester. 

COMPOSITE. 

VERNONIA,  Schreb.         Iron-weed. 

Noveboracensis,  Willd.  In  swampy  meadows. 

MIKANIA,  Willd.  Climbing  Hemp-weed. 

scandens,  L.  Tatnuck.  Mr.  Kinney.  Rare. 

EUPATORIUM,  Tourn.  Thoroughwort. 

purpureum,  L.     Joe-Pye  Weed.  Common. 

rotundifolium,  L.,  var.  ovatum,  Torr.  Worcester.  G.  Coult. 


FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY.        2J 

perfoliatum,  L.     Thoroughwort.  Common. 

ageratoides,  L.  White  Snake-root.  Rich  woods,  common. 

aromaticum,  L.  Southbridge.     Z.  E.  Ammidown. 

LIATRIS,  Schreb.         Blazing-Star. 

scariosa,  Willd.  Sterling.     Miss  E.J.  Seaver. 

SOLIDAGO,  L.         Golden-rod. 

squarrosa,  Muhl.  Southbridge.     Z.  E.  Ammidown. 

caesia,  L.  Rich  woodlands,  common. 

latifolia,  L.  "  "  " 

bicolor,  L.     White  Golden-rod.  Common. 

puberula,  Nutt.  Princeton.     W.  W.  B.  &  J.  F.  C. 

uliginosa,  Nutt.  Swamps. 

speciosa,  Nutt.  Barre.     Miss  Sara  Lane. 

odora,  Ait.     Sweet  Golden-rod.  Copses. 

patula,  Muhl.  Swamps,  not  rare. 

rugosa,  Mill.  Very  common. 

ulmifolia,  Muhl.  Southbridge.     Z.  E.  Ammidown. 

Elliottii,  Torr.  &  Gray.  Swamps. 

neglecta,  Torr.  £  Gray.  " 

arguta,  Ait.  Copses. 

juncea,  Ait.  Copses  and  banks,  common. 

serotina,  Ait.  Copses  and  along  fences,         " 

"  "     var.  gigantea,  Gray.  Near  the  last. 

Canadensis,  L.  Very  common. 

nemoralis,  Ait.  Dry  sterile  fields,         " 

lanceolata,  L.  Moist  soil,         " 

tenuifolia,  Pursh.  Southbridge.     Z.  E.  Ammidown. 

SERICOCARPUS,  Nees.         White-topped  Aster. 

conyzoides,  Nees.  Dry  grounds,  common. 

solidagineus,  Nees.  Worcester,  Boylston. 


28 


FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY. 


ASTER,  L.        Aster, 
corymbosus,  Ait. 
macrophyllus,  L. 
Novse-Angliae,  L. 
patens,  Ait. 
undulatus,  L. 
cordifolius,  L. 
sagittifolius,  Willd. 
laevis,  L. 
ericoides,  L. 
multiflorus,  Ait. 
dumosus,  L. 
vimineus,  Lam. 
diffusus,  Ait. 
Tradescanti,  L. 
paniculatus,  Lam. 
salicifolius,  Ait. 
Novi-Belgii,  L. 
prenanthoides,  Muhl. 
puniceus,  L. 
umbellatus,  Mill, 
linariifolius,  L. 

ptarmicoides,  Torr.  and  Gray, 
acuminatus,  Michx. 


Woodlands,  common. 
Moist  woods,       " 
Moist  grounds,  not  rare. 
Dry  grounds,  common. 

Copses, 

Dry  woodlands,        " 
Pastures,  etc.,        " 
Borders  of  woodlands,        " 
Southbridge.     L.  E.  Ammidown. 
Dry  sandy  soil,  common. 
Copses, 

Waste  grounds,        " 
((  (i  a 

Low       "  " 

Shady  moist  banks,        " 
Pastures  and  low  grounds,        " 
Moist  grounds,        " 
Grafton.     Misses  Putnam. 
Low  grounds,  very  common. 
Moist  thickets,  common. 

Dry  grounds,        " 
Barre.    Miss  Sara  Lane. 
Rich  woodlands. 


ERIGERON,  L.         Fleabane. 

Canadensis,  L.     Horse-weed.  Common, 

annuus,  Pers.     Daisy  Fleabane.  Waste  places, 

strigosus,  Muhl.     " 

"  "       var.  discoideus,  Robbins.  Millbury. 


FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY.        29 

bellidifolius,  Muhl.     Robin's  Plantain.  Common. 

Philadelphicus,  L.     Common  Fleabane.  " 

ANTENNARIA,  Gsertn.         Everlasting. 

plantaginifolia,  Hook.  Pastures,  common. 

ANAPHALIS,  DC.         Everlasting. 

margaritacea,  Benth.  &  Hook.     Pearly  Everlasting. 

Common. 
GNAPHALIUM,  L.         Cudweed. 

polycephalum,  Michx.     Common  Everlasting.    Common. 

decurrens,  Ives.     Everlasting.  " 

uliginosum,  L.     Low  Cudweed.  Low  grounds. 

purpureum,  L.     Purplish  Cudweed.  "          " 

INULA,  L.         Elecampane. 

*Helenium,  L.  Roadsides  and  low  pastures. 

AMBROSIA,  Tourn.         Ragweed. 

artemisiaefolia,  L.     Roman  Wormwood.      Very  common. 
XANTHIUM,  Tourn.         Cocklebur. 

*Strumarium,  L.  Worcester.    J.  Coulson. 

HELIOPSIS,  Pers.         Ox-eye. 

Ixvis,  Pers.         ,  Worcester.     G.  Coult.     From  the  West. 
RUDBECKIA,  L.         Cone-flower. 

laciniata,  L.  Leicester.     H.  H.  Kingsbury. 

hirta,  L.  From  the  West.     Meadows,  common. 

HELIANTHUS,  L.         Sunflower. 

annuus,  L.     Common  Sunflower.  Escaped. 

divaricatus,  L.  Thickets,  not  rare. 

strumosus,  L.  "         common. 

decapetalus,  L.  Copses,  not  common. 

tuberosus,  L.     Jerusalem  Artichoke.  "         " 


30        FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY. 

BIDENS,  L.         Bur-Marigold. 

frondosa,  L.     Common  Beggar-ticks.          Waste  grounds. 

connata,  Muhl.     Swamp  Beggar-ticks.  Low        " 

cernua,  L.     Smaller  Bur- Marigold.  \Yet  places. 

chrysanthemoides,  Michx.  Larger  Bur-Marigold.  Swamps. 

Beckii,  Torr.     Water  Marigold.          Lake  Quinsigamond. 
GALINSOGA,  Ruiz  &  Pavpn.          Galinsoga. 

*parviflora,  Cav.  Worcester,  Millbury. 

ANTHEMIS,  L.         Chamomile. 

*Cotula,  DC.     May-weed.  Roadsides,  common. 

ACHILLEA,  L.         Yarrow. 

Millefolium,  L.     Common  Yarrow.  Common. 

CHRYSANTHEMUM,  Tourn.         Ox-eye  Daisy. 

*Leucanthemum,  L.     Ox-eye  Daisy.  Very  common. 

*Parthenium,  Pers.     Feverfew.     Barre.  Miss  Sara  Lane. 
TANACETUM,  L.        Tansy. 

*vulgare,  L.     Common  Tansy.  Quite  common. 

*      "         "    var.  crispum.  G.  E.  Stone. 

ARTEMISIA,  L.         Wormwood. 

*vulgaris,  L.     Common  Mugwort.  Worcester. 

Prof.  Eaton. 

*Absinthium,  L.     Wormwood.    Worcester.      "          " 
TUSSILAGO,  Tourn.         Coltsfoot. 

*Farfara,  L.  Fitchburg.     E.  A.  Hartwell. 

SENECIO,  Tourn.         Groundsel. 

aureus,  L.     Squaw-weed.  Very  common. 

ERECHTITES,  Raf.         Fireweed. 

hieracifolia,  Raf.  Common  in  burned  clearings. 

ARCTIUM,  L.         Burdock. 

*Lappa,  L.,  var.  minus.  Roadsides  and  waste  places. 


FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY.        31 

CNICUS,  Tourn.         Thistle. 

*lanceolatus,  Hoffm.     Common  Thistle.  Common. 

horridulus,  Pursh.  Southbridge.     L.  E.  Ammidown. 

altissimus,  Willd.,  var.  discolor,  Gray.  Not  rare. 

muticus,  Pursh.  Swamp  Thistle.    Worcester.  Prof.  Eaton. 

pumilus,  Torr.     Pasture  Thistle.         Southbridge. 

L.  E.  Ammidown. 

*arvensis,  Hoffm.     Canada  Thistle.  Common. 

KRIGIA,  Schreber.         Dwarf  Dandelion. 

Virginica,  Willd.  Upland  woods  and  pastures. 

CICHORIUM,  Tourn.         Chicory. 

*Intybus,  L.  Roadsides,  not  rare. 

LEONTODON,  L.         Fall  Dandelion. 

*autumnalis,  L.  Meadows  and  roadsides.     Common 

in  southern  part  of  the  county. 
HIERACIUM,  Tourn.         Hawkweed. 

*aurantiacum,  L.  Winchendon.     A.  S.  Allen. 

Canadense,  Michx.  Copses,  common. 

paniculatum,  L.  "  " 

venosum,  L.     Rattlesnake-weed.  In  dry  woods. 

scabrum,  Michx.  Dry  open  woods. 

Gronovii,  L.     Hairy  Hawkweed.  Common. 

PRENANTHES,  Vaill.         Rattlesnake-root. 

alba,  L.     White  Lettuce.  Rich  woods,  common. 

serpentaria,  Pursh.     Lion's-foot.  G.  E.  Stone. 

altissima,  L.  Rich  woods,  not  rare. 

TARAXACUM,  Haller.         Dandelion. 

*officinale,  Weber.     Common,  Dandelion.       Everywhere. 
LACTUCA,  Tourn.         Lettuce. 

Canadensis,  L.     Wild  Lettuce.  Rich  soil,  common. 


32        FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY. 

hirsuta,  Muhl.  Southbridge.     L.  E.  Ammidown. 

leucophsea,  Gray.  Low  grounds,  not  rare. 

SONCHUS,  L.         Sow-Thistle. 

*oleraceus,  L.     Common  Sow-Thistle.          Waste  places. 
*asper,  Vill.     Spiny-leaved  Sow-Thistle.  "          " 

*arvensis,  L.     Field  Sow-Thistle.  "          " 

LOBELIACE^:. 

LOBELIA,  L.         Lobelia. 

cardinalis,  L.     Cardinal-flower.  Low  grounds, 

"syphilitica,  L.     Great  Lobelia.  "           " 

spicata,  Lam.  Moist  sandy  soil, 

inflata,  L.     Indian  Tobacco.  Low  grounds. 

Dortmanna,  L.     Water  Lobelia.  Borders  of  ponds. 

CAMPANULACE^:. 

SPECULARJA,  Heister.         Venus'  Looking-glass. 

perfoliata,  A.  DC.  Dry  open  grounds. 

CAMPANULA,  Tourn.         Bellflower. 

*rapunculoides,  L.  Naturalized. 

rotundifolia,  L.     Harebell.       Winchendon.     A.  S.  Allen. 

aparinoides,  Pursh.     Marsh  Bellflower.        Wet  meadows. 

ERICACEAE. 

GAYLUSSACIA,  HBK.         Huckleberry. 

dumosa,  Torr.  &  Gray.  Dwarf  Huckleberry.  North- 

borough.  Arba  Pierce. 

frondosa,  Torr.  &  Gray.     Dangleberry.  Copses,  common. 

resinosa,  Torr.  &  Gray.  Black  Huckleberry.  Pastures, 
common. 


FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY.        33 

VACCINIUM,  L.         Blueberry.     Cranberry. 

Pennsylvanicum,  Lam.     Dwarf  Blueberry.  Common. 

Canadense,  Kalm.  Winchendon.     A.  S.  Allen. 

vacillans,  Solander.     Low  Blueberry.  Common. 

corymbosum,  L.     High  Blueberry.  " 

"  "    var.  atrococcum,  Gray.  " 

Oxycoccus,  L.     Small  Cranberry.  Bogs,         " 

macrocarpon,  Ait.     Large  Cranberry.          "  " 

CHIOGENES,  Salisb.         Creeping  Snowberry. 

serpyllifolia,  Salisb.  Swamps.     Auburn. 

ARCTOSTAPHYLOS,  Adans.         Bearberry. 

Uva-ursi,  Spreng.  Bare  hills,  not  common. 

EPIG^EA,  L.         Trailing  Arbutus. 

repens,  L.  Woods  and  pastures,  common. 

GAULTHERIA,  Kalm.         Wintergreen. 

procumbens,  L.     Checkerberry.  Common. 

ANDROMEDA,  L.         Andromeda. 

polifolia,  L.  Formerly  found  in  Westborough  ;  now 

in  Whitehall  Pond,  just  over  the  line  into  Middle- 
sex County.  It  will  undoubtedly  be  found  again 
in  this  county. 

ligustrina,  Muhl.  Copses,  common. 

LEUCOTHOE,  Don.         Leucothoe. 

racemosa,  Gray.  Millbury.     Not  common. 

CASSANDRA,  Don.         Leather- Leaf. 

calyculata,  Don.  Swamps,  common. 

KALMIA,  L.         American  Laurel. 

latifolia,  L.     Mountain  Laurel.  Common. 

angustifolia,  L.     Sheep  Laurel.  " 

glauca,  Ait.     Pale  Laurel.  Swamps,  not  rare. 


34  FLORA    OF   WORCESTER    COUNTY. 

RHODODENDRON,  L.         Rose  Bay.     Azalea. 

viscosum,  Torr.     White  Swamp-Honeysuckle.    Common. 

nudiflorum,  Torr.     Swamp  Pink. 

Rhodora,  Don.     Rhodora.  Swamps, 

maximum,  L.     Rhododendron.  Auburn,  Sturbridge. 

LEDUM,  L.         Labrador  Tea. 

latifolium,  Ait.  Worcester,  Hubbardston. 

CLETHRA,  Gronov.         White  Alder. 

alnifolia,  L.     Sweet  Pepperbush.      Wet  copses,  common. 
CHIMAPHILA,  Pursh.         Pipsissewa. 

umbellata,  Nutt.     Prince's  Pine.       Dry  woods,  common. 

maculata,  Pursh.     Spotted  Wintergreen.       With  the  last. 
MONESES,  Salisb.         One-flowered  Pyrola. 

grandiflora,  Salisb.  Abundant  in  northern  part  of  the 

county.     F.  L.  Palmer. 
PYROLA,  Tourn.         Wintergreen. 

secunda,  L.  Copses,  not  common. 

chlorantha,  Swartz.  Woods,  common. 

elliptica,  Nutt.     Shin-leaf.  " 

rotundifolia,  L.  Copses,         " 

MONOTROPA,  L.         Indian  Pipe. 

uniflora,  L.     Indian  Pipe.  Rich  woods,  common. 

Hypopitys,  L.     Pine-sap.  With  the  last. 

PRIMULACE^E. 

TRIENTALIS,  L.         Chickweed-Wintergreen. 

Americana,  Pursh.     Star-flower.  Woods,  common. 

STEIRONEMA,  Raf.         Loosestrife. 

ciliatum,  Raf.  Low  grounds,  common. 

lanceolatum,  Gray.  Low  grounds,  not         " 


FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY. 


35 


LYSIMACHIA,  Tourn. 
*vulgaris,  L. 
quadrifolia,  L. 
stricta,  Ait. 


Loosestrife. 

Bolton.     Miss  J.  M.  Nichols. 
Thickets,  common. 
Low  grounds,         " 


*nummularia,  L.     Moneywort. 
thyrsiflora,  L.     Tufted  Loosestrife. 


ANAGALLIS,  Tourn. 
*arvensis,  L. 


Escaped. 
Northborough. 

Arba  Pierce. 
Pimpernel. 

Waste  grounds.     Southbridge. 


OLEACE^E. 


FRAXINUS,  Tourn.         Ash. 

Americana,  L.     White  Ash. 
sambucifolia,  Lam.     Black  Ash. 

APOCYNACE^E. 

APOCYNUM,  Tourn.         Dogbane. 

androsaemifolium,  L.     Spreading  Dogbane, 
cannabinum,  L.     Indian  Hemp. 

ASCLEPIADACE.E. 

ASCLEPIAS,  L.         Milkweed. 

tuberosa,  L.     Butterfly-weed, 
purpurascens,  L.     Purple  Milkweed, 
incarnata,  L.     Swamp  Milkweed. 

"  "    var.  pulchra,  Pers. 

Cornuti,  Decsne.     Common  Milkweed, 
obtusifolia,  Michx. 
phytolaccoides,  Pursh.     Poke  Milkweed. 


Common. 
Not  rare. 


Not  rare. 


Millbury. 

Roadsides. 

Swamps. 

With  the  last. 

Common. 

Not  common. 

Moist  copses. 


quadrifolia,  L. 


Millbury,  Worcester. 


36        FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY. 

ACERATES,  Ell.         Green  Milkweed. 

viridiflora,  Ell.  In  the  western  part  of  the  county. 

GENTIANACE^E. 

GENTIANA,  Tourn.         Gentian. 

crinita,  Frcel.     Fringed  Gentian.  Common. 

Andrewsii,  Griseb.     Closed  Gentian. 
MENYANTHES,  Tourn.         Buckbean. 

trifoliata,  L.  Sutton,  Paxton,  etc. 

LIMNANTHEMUM,  Gmelin.         Floating  Heart. 

lacunosum,  Griseb.  Lake  Quinsigamond.     Crystal 

Lake,  Gardner.     F.  L.  Palmer. 

POLEMONIACE^:. 

POLEMONIUM,  Tourn.         Greek  Valerian. 

reptans,  L.  Rare.     Miss  G.  Hakes. 

BORRAGINACE^:. 

CYNOGLOSSUM,  Tourn.         Hound's-Tongue. 

*officinale,  L.  Common  Hound's-Tongue.  Waste 

grounds. 

Virginicum,  L.  Wild  Comfrey.  Millbury,  Princeton. 

ECHINOSPERMUM,  Lehm.  Stickseed. 

Virginicum,  Lehm.  Beggar's  Lice.  Common. 

MYOSOTIS,  Dill.  Forget-me-not. 

laxa,  Lehm.  Spencer,  Lunenburg. 

LITHOSPERMUM,  Tourn.  Gromwell. 

*arvense,  L.     Corn  Gromwell.  Occasional. 

*officinale,  L.     Common  Gromwell.     Miss  E.J.  Seaver. 


FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY.        37 

SYMPHYTUM,  Tourn.         Comfrey. 

*offtcinale,  L.     Common  Comfrey.  Escaped. 

ECHIUM,  Tourn.         Viper's  Bugloss. 

*vulgare,  L.  Blue-weed.  Southbridge.  Z.  E.  Ammidown. 

CONVOLVULACE^E. 

CONVOLVULUS,  Tourn.         Bindweed. 

spithamaeus,  L.  Not  rare. 

sepium,  L.     Hedge  Bindweed.  "      " 

*arvensis,  L.  Old  fields. 

CUSCUTA,  Tourn.         Dodder. 

Gronovii,  Willd.  Wet  places.     Common. 

SOLANACE.E. 

SOLANUM,  Tourn.         Nightshade. 

*Dulcamara,  L.     Bittersweet.  Common. 

nigrum,  L.  Common  Nightshade.  Southbridge. 

PHYSALIS,  L.  Ground  Cherry. 

Virginiana,  Mill.  Roadsides.  Not  common. 

NICANDRA,  Adans.  Apple  of  Peru. 

*physaloides,  Gsertn.  Waste  grounds.  G.  E.  Stone. 

DATURA,  L.  Thorn- Apple. 

*Stramonium,  L.  Waste  grounds.     Not  rare. 

*Tatula,  L.  "  "  "       " 

SCROPHULARIACE^E. 

VERBASCUM,  L.         Mullein. 

*Thapsus,  L.     Common  Mullein.         Fields.     Common. 
*Blattaria.     Moth  Mullein.       Roadsides.     Not  common. 


38        FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY. 

LINARIA,  Tourn.         Toad-Flax. 

Canadensis,  Dumont.  Sandy  soil.     Common. 

*vulgaris,  Mill.     Butter  and  Eggs.  " 

CHELONE,  Tourn.         Snake-head. 

glabra,  L.  Wet  places.     Common. 

PENSTEMON,  Mitchell.         Beard-tongue. 

pubescens,  Solander.        Worcester.     Miss  E.  F.  Brown. 
MIMULUS,  L.         Monkey-flower. 

ringens,  L.  Wet  places.     Common. 

GRATIOLA,  L.         Hedge-Hyssop. 

Virginiana,  L.  Lake  Quinsigamond.     Prof.  Eaton. 

aurea,  Muhl.  Sandy  swamps.     Common. 

ILYSANTHES,  Raf.         False  Pimpernel. 

riparia,  Raf.  Wet  places. 

VERONICA,  L.         Speedwell. 

Anagallis,  L.     Water  Speedwell. 

scutellata,  L.     Marsh  Speedwell.  Bogs.     Common. 

officinalis,  L.     Common  Speedwell.    Dry  hills. 

*Cham3edrys,  L.  G.  E.  Stone. 

serpyllifolia,  L.     Thyme-leaved  Speedwell.         Common. 

*arvensis,  L.     Corn  Speedwell.  Rather  rare. 

*agrestis,  L.     Field  Speedwell.        Southbridge. 

Z.  E.  Ammidown. 
GERARDIA,  L.         False  Foxglove. 

pedicularia,  L.  Woods  and  thickets. 

flava,  L.     Downy  False  Foxglove.  Common  in  dry 

woods. 

quercifolia,  Pursh.     Smooth  False  Foxglove.        With  the 
first. 


FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY.        39 

purpurea,  L.     Purple  Gerardia.  In  low  grounds. 

tenuifolia,  Vahl.  Slender  Gerardia.  Southbridge. 

CASTILLEIA,  Mutis.  Painted-Cup. 

coccinea,  Spreng.  Scarlet  Painted-Cup.  Occasional. 
SCHWALBEA,  Gronov.  Chaff-seed. 

Americana,  L.  Southbridge.  L.  E.  Ammidown. 

PEDICULARIS,  Tourn.  Lousewort. 

Canadensis,  L.     Common  Lousewort.  Common. 

lanceolata,  Michx.  Rather  rare. 

MELAMPYRUM,  Tourn.  Cow- Wheat. 

Americanum,  Michx.  Open  woods.     Common. 

OROBANCHACE^E. 

EPIPHEGUS,  Nutt.         Beech-drops. 

Virginiana,  Bart.  Ashburnham.  Prof.  Vose. 

CONOPHOLIS,  Wallroth.  Squaw-root. 

Americana,  Wallroth.  Ashburnham.  Prof.  Vose. 

APHYLLON,  Mitchell.  Naked  Broom-rape. 

uniflorum,  Gray.     One-flowered  Cancer-root.     Common. 

LENTIBULARIACE^E. 

UTRICULARIA,  L.         Bladderwort. 

inflata,  Walt.  Ponds.     Not  rare. 

vulgaris,  L.     Greater  Bladderwort.  Ponds,  common, 

minor,  L.      Smaller  "  Ponds.     G.  E.  Stone. 

gibba,  L.  Ponds.     Miss  E.  J.  Seaver. 

intermedia,  Hayne.  Pools.     G.  E.  Stone. 

purpurea,  Walt.  Lake  Quinsigamond.      "    "        " 

cornuta,  Michx.  Lunenburg.     F.  L.  Palmer. 


40        FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY. 

PEDALIACE^;. 

MARTYNIA,  L.         Unicorn-plant. 

proboscidea,  Glox.  Worcester.     Prof.  Eaton. 

VERBENACE^E. 

VERBENA,  Tourn.         Vervain. 

urticaefolia,  L.     White  Vervain.  Waste  grounds. 

hastata,  L.     Blue  Vervain.  "          " 

PHRYMA,  L.    .     Lopseed. 

Leptostachya,  L.  Open  woods.     Not  abundant. 

LABIATE. 

TRICHOSTEMA,  L.         Blue  Curls. 

dichotomum,  L.     Bastard  Pennyroyal.  Sandy  fields. 

COLLINSONIA,  L.         Horse-Balm. 

Canadensis,  L.     Stone-root.  Rich  woods. 

MENTHA,  Tourn.         Mint. 

*viridis,  L.     Spearmint.  Not  rare. 

*piperita,  L.     Peppermint.  Common. 

*aquatica,  L.     Water  Mint.     Winchendon.     A.  S.  Allen. 

*arvensis,  L.     Corn  Mint.     Southbridge.      L.  E.  Ammi- 
down. 

Canadensis,  L.     Wild  Mint. 
LYCOPUS,  Tourn.         Water  Horehound. 

Virginicus,  L.     Bugle-weed.  In  low  grounds. 

sessilifolius,  Gray.  Not  common. 

sinuatus,  Ell.  In  low  grounds.     Quite  common. 

PYCNANTHEMUM,  Michx.         Mountain  Mint. 

lanceolatum,  Pursh.  Spencer.    /.  C.  Lyford. 


FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY.        41 

linifolium,  Pursh.  G.  E.  Stone. 

muticum,  Pers.        Mt.  Wachusett.     Mrs.  G.  B.  Stearns. 
THYMUS,  Tourn.         Thyme. 

*Serpyllum,  L.     Creeping  Thyme.  Worcester. 

CALAMINTHA,  Tourn.         Calamint. 

Clinopodium,  Benth.     Basil.  Millbury. 

MELISSA,  L.         Balm. 

*officinalis,  L.     Common  Balm.     Escaped.   G.  E.  Stone. 
HEDEOMA,  Pers.         Mock  Pennyroyal. 

pulegioides,  Pers.     American  Pennyroyal.  Not  rare. 

NEPETA,  L.         Cat-Mint. 

*Cataria,  L.     Catnip.  Near  dwellings,  common. 

*Glechoma,  Benth.     Gill-over-the-ground.  Quite 

common. 
SCUTELLARIA,  L.         Skullcap. 

lateriflora,  L.     Mad-dog  Skullcap.    Wet  places,  common. 

galericulata,  L.  Wet  places.     With  the  last. 

BRUNELLA,  Tourn.         Self-heal. 

vulgaris,  L.     Common  Self-heal.  Common. 

LEONURUS,  L.         Motherwort. 

*Cardiaca,  L.  Waste  places,  common. 

LAMIUM,  L.         Dead-Nettie. 

*amplexicaule,  L.     Waste  grounds.    Miss  A.  H.  Tucker. 

*purpureum,  L.  Not  common. 

*maculatum,  L.  Escaped.     R.  C.  Manning. 

GALEOPSIS,  L.         Hemp-Nettle. 

*Tetrahit,  L.  Waste  places. 

STACHYS,  Tourn.         Hedge-Nettle. 

palustris,  L.  Wet  grounds.     Tatnuck.     Mr.  Kinney. 


42        FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY. 

PLANTAGINACE^E. 

PLANTAGO,  Tourn.         Plantain. 

major,  L.     Common  Plantain.  Very  common. 

Rugelii,  Decaisne.        Princeton.      W.  W.  B.  &  J.  F.  C. 
*lanceolata,  L.     Ribgrass.  Very  common. 

Patagonica,  Jacq.,  var.  aristata,  Gray.     Southbridge. 

L.  E.  Ammidown. 

DIVISION  III.     APETAL^:. 

ILLECEBRACE^:. 
ANYCHIA,  Michx.         Forked  Chickweed. 

dichotoma,  Michx.  Open  grounds. 

SCLERANTHUS,  L.         Knawel. 

*annuus,  L.  Worcester.    J.  Coulson. 

AMARANTACE^E. 

AMARANTUS,  Tourn.         Amaranth. 

*hypochondriacus,  L.  Fitchburg.     Prof.  Eaton. 

*retroflexus,  L.  Cultivated  grounds,  common, 

albus,  L.     Tumble  Weed.  Waste  grounds. 

CHENOPODIACE^:. 

CHENOPODIUM,  Tourn.         Pigweed. 

*album,  L.  Very  common, 

hybridum,  L.     Maple-leaved  Goosefoot.       Waste  places. 
*Botrys,  L.     Jerusalem  Oak.     Lunenburg.    Mr.  Kilburn. 

PHYTOLACCACE^E. 

PHYTOLACCA,  Tourn.         Pokeweed. 

decandra,  L.     Common  Poke.  Copses. 


FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY.        43 

POLYGONACE^. 

RUMEX,  L.         Dock. 

*crispus,  L.     Curled  Dock.  Common. 

*obtusifolius,  L.    Bitter  Dock.    Worcester.    Prof.  Eaton. 

*conglomeratus,  Murray.     Smaller  Green  Dock.       Moist 
places. 

*Acetosella,  L.     Field  Sorrel.  Common. 

POLYGONUM,  Tourn.         Knotweed. 

aviculare,  L.  Common  in  yards  and  waste  places. 

erectum,  L.  Waysides,  common. 

tenue,  Michx.  Worcester.     Prof.  Eaton. 

Pennsylvania  m,  L.  Royalston.  " 

amphibium,  L.  North  Worcester. 

Muhlenbergii,  Watson.  "  " 

*orientale,  L.     Prince's  Feather.  Escaped. 

*Persicaria,  L.     Lady's  Thumb.  G.  E.  Stone. 

Hydropiper,  L.     Common  Smartweed.  Common. 

acre,  HBK.     Water  Smartweed.  Wet  places. 

Virginianum,  L.  Thickets. 

arifolium,  L.    Halberd-leaved  Tear-thumb.  Low  grounds. 

sagittatum,  L.     Arrow-leaved  Tear-thumb.      "  " 

*Convolvulus,  L.     Black  Bindweed.  Worcester. 

Prof.  Eaton. 

cilinode,  Michx.  Low  grounds.     Quite  common. 

dumetorum,  L.,  var.  scandens,  Gray.         Gardner. 

Prof.  Eaton. 
FAGOPYRUM,  Tourn.         Buckwheat. 

*esculentum,  Mcench.  Spontaneous.     Occasional. 

POLYGONELLA,  Michx.         Joint-weed. 

articulata,  Meisn.  Mendon,  Gardner. 


44        FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY. 

PODOSTEMACE^:. 

PODOSTEMON,  Michx.         River-weed. 

ceratophyllus,  Michx.  Shallow  streams. 

ARISTOLOCHIACE.E. 

ASARUM,  Tourn.         Wild  Ginger. 

Canadense,  L.  Millbury.     Not  common. 

LAURACE.E. 

SASSAFRAS,  Nees. 

officinale,  Nees.  Rich  woods.     Common. 

LINDERA,  Thunb.         Wild  Allspice. 

Benzoin,  Blume.     Spice-bush.  Common. 

THYMEL^EACE^E. 

DIRCA,  L.         Leatherwood. 

palustris,  L.  Damp  woods,  common. 

DAPHNE,  Linn.        Mezereum. 

*Mezereum,  L.  Southbridge.     Z.  E.  Ammidown. 

SANTALACE^:. 

Comandra,  Nutt.         Bastard  Toad-flax. 

umbellata,  Nutt.  Dry  grounds.     Common. 

EUPHORBIACE^E. 

EUPHORBIA,  L.        Spurge. 

maculata,  L.  Roadsides,  common. 

Preslii,  Guss.  Millbury. 

corollata,  L.  Southbridge.     L.  E.  Ammidown. 


FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY.        45 

*Esula,  L.  Rare.     Miss  K.  /.  Fish. 

*Cyparissias,  L.  Escaped.     Common. 

ACALYPHA,  L.         Three-seeded  Mercury. 

Virginica,  L.  Fields  and  open  places. 

URTICACE^E. 

ULMUS,  L.         Elm. 

fulva,  Michx.     Slippery  Elm.  Rare. 

Americana,  L.  American  Elm.  Common. 

CELTIS,  Tourn.  Nettle-tree. 

occidentalis,  L.  Hackberry.  Rare. 

CANNABIS,  Tourn.  Hemp. 

*sativa,  L.  East  Worcester. 

HUMULUS,  L.  Hop. 

Lupulus,  L.  Common  Hop.  Low  grounds. 

MORUS,  Tourn.  Mulberry. 

*alba,  L.  White  Mulberry.  Spontaneous. 

URTICA,  Tourn.  Nettle. 

gracilis,  Ait.  Waste  places,  common. 

*dioica,  L.  Waste  places.  Rather  rare. 

LAPORTEA,  Gaudichaud.  Wood-Nettle. 

Canadensis,  Gaudichaud.  Rich  soil.  Rather  rare. 

PILEA,  Lindl.  Richweed. 

pumila,  Gray.  Moist  places,  common. 

BCEHMERIA,  Jacq.  False  Nettle. 

cylindrica,  Willd.  Rich  soil.     Quite  common. 

PLATANACE^E. 

PLATANUS,  L.         Buttonwood. 

occidentalis,  L.  Common. 


46        FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY. 

JUGLANDACE^:. 

JUGLANS,  L.         Walnut. 

cinerea,  L.     Butternut.  Quite  common. 
CARYA,  Nutt.         Hickory. 

alba,  Nutt.     Shag-bark  Hickory.  Common. 

porcina,  Nutt.     Pig-nut  Hickory.  " 

amara,  Nutt.     Bitter-nut  Hickory.  Not        " 

MYRICACE^E. 

MYRICA,  L.         Bayberry. 

Gale,  L.     Sweet  Gale.  Wet  borders  of  ponds, 

cerifera,  L.     Bayberry.  Dry  sandy  soil, 

asplenifolia,  Endl.     Sweet  Fern.  Pastures,  common. 

CUPULIFER^E. 

BETULA,  Tourn.         Birch. 

lenta,  L.     Black  Birch.  Common. 

lutea,  Michx.  f.     Yellow  Birch.  " 

populifolia,  Ait.     Gray       " 

papyrifera,  Marshall.     Paper  Birch.          Rare  in  southern 
part  of  the  county. 

nigra,  L.     Red  Birch.  Fitchburg.     E.  A.  Hartwell. 

ALNUS,  Tourn.         Alder. 

incana,  Willd.     Speckled  Alder.  Common. 

serrulata,  Willd.    Smooth     "  " 

CORYLUS,  Tourn.         Hazel-nut. 

Americana,  Walt.     Wild  Hazel-nut.  Common. 

rostrata,  Ait.     Beaked  Hazel-nut. 
OSTRYA,  Micheli.         Hop-Hornbeam. 

Virginica,  Willd.  Not  rare. 


FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY.        47 

CARPINUS,  L.         Hornbeam. 

Caroliniana,  Walter.  Common. 

QUERCUS,  L.         Oak. 

alba,  L.     White  Oak.  Common. 

macrocarpa,  Michx.     Bur  Oak.  Worcester. 

bicolor,  Willd.     Swamp  White  Oak.  Not  rare. 

Prinus,  L.     Chestnut-Oak.  Common. 

"        "    var.  monticola,  Michx.  " 

prinoides,  Willd.  Not  rare. 

rubra,  L.     Red  Oak.  Common. 

coccinea,  Wang.     Scarlet  Oak.  " 

"  "       var.  tinctoria,  Gray.  Black  Oak.       " 

ilicifolia,  Wang.     Scrub-Oak.  " 

CASTANEA,  Tourn.         Chestnut. 

sativa,  Mill.,  var.  Americana,  Michx.  Common. 

FAGUS,  Tourn.         Beech. 

ferruginea,  Ait.  •   Common. 

SALICACE^E. 
SALIX,  Tourn.         Willow. 

nigra,  Marsh.     Black  Willow.  Not  rare. 

lucida,  Muhl.     Shining  Willow.  Common. 

*fragilis,  L.     Crack  Willow.        Worcester.     Prof.  Eaton. 

*alba,  L.     White  Willow.  Not  common. 

*  "  .    "   var.  vitellina,  Koch.  Southbridge. 

L.  E.  Ammidown. 

rostrata,  Richardson.     Princeton.     W.  W.  B.  &J.  F.  C. 

discolor,  Muhl.     Glaucous  Willow.  Common. 

humilis,  Marsh.     Prairie  Willow.  Not         " 

tristis,  Ait.     Dwarf  Gray  Willow.  Uxbridge. 

Thos.  Morong. 


48        FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY. 

sericea,  Marsh.     Silky  Willow.  Common, 

cordata,  Muhl.     Heart-leaved  Willow.         Worcester. 

Prof.  Eaton. 

myrtilloides,  L.  Leicester. 

POPULUS,  Tourn.         Poplar. 

tremuloides,  Michx.     American  Aspen.  Common. 

grandidentata,,Michx.     Large-toothed  Aspen.          " 
balsamifera,  L.,  var.  candicans,  Gray.         Balm  of  Gilead. 

Spontaneous, 
monilifera,  Ait.     Cotton-wood.  Rare. 

CERATOPHYLLACE.E. 

CERATOPHYLLUM,  L.         Hornwort. 

demersum,  L.  Slow  streams.     G.  E.  Stone. 

"          "  var.  echinatum,  Gray.  "     "       " 

SUBCLASS  II.     GYMNOSPER1VLE. 
CONIFERS. 

PINUS,  Tourn.         Pine. 

Strobus,  L.     White  Pine.  Common. 

rigida,  Mill.     Pitch    "  .    " 

resinosa,  Ait.  Red  "  Templeton.  V.  P.  Parkhurst. 
PICEA,  Link.  Spruce. 

nigra,  Link.  Black  Spruce.  Not  rare. 

TSUGA,  Carriere.  Hemlock. 

Canadensis,  Carr.  Quite  common. 

ABIES,  Link.  Fir. 

balsamea,  Miller.  Balsam  Fir.  Northern  part  of  the 

county. 


FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY.        49 

LARIX,  Tourn.         Larch. 

Americana,  Michx.     Hackmatack.  Not  rare. 

CHAIVLECYPARIS,  Spach.         White  Cedar. 

sphaeroidea,  Spach.  Swamps,  common. 

JUNIPERUS,  L.         Juniper. 

communis,  L.     Common  Juniper.  Not  rare. 

Sabina,  L.,  var.  procumbens,  Pursh.  "      " 

Virginiana,  L.     Red  Cedar.  "      " 

TAXUS,  Tourn.         Yew. 

Canadensis,  Willd.  Worcester.     G.  Coult. 

CLASS  II.     MONOCOTYLEDONE^:. 

HYDROCHARIDACE^E. 

ELODEA,  Michx.         Water-weed. 

Canadensis,  Michx.  Ponds,  common. 

VALLISNERIA,  L.         Eel-grass. 

spiralis,  L.  Ponds,  common. 

ORCHIDACE^:. 

MICROSTYLIS,  Nutt.        Adder's  Mouth. 

monophyllos,  Lindl.  Spencer.     H.  H.  Kingsbury. 

ophioglossoides,  Nutt.  Auburn. 

LIPARIS,  Richard.  Twayblade. 

liliifolia,  Richard.  .  Millbury.     Rare. 

Lceselii,  Richard.  Spencer.  Miss  A.  E.  Tucker. 

CORALLORHIZA,  Haller.  Coral-root. 

innata,  R.  Br.  Swamps.     Millbury. 


50        FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY. 

odontorhiza,  Nutt.          Southbridge.     L.  E.  Ammidown. 

multiflora,  Nutt.  Dry  woods.     Not  rare. 

SPIRANTHES,  Richard.         Ladies'  Tresses. 

latifolia,  Torr.  Southbridge.     Z.  E.  Ammidown. 

cernua,  Richard.  Wet  places,  common. 

praecox,  Watson.  Wet  grassy  places.     Rare. 

gracilis,  Bigelow.  Pastures.     Quite  common. 

simplex,  Gray.  Winchendon.     A.  S.  Allen. 

GOODYERA,  R.  Br.         Rattlesnake-Plantain. 

repens,  R.  Br.  Woods,  mostly  under  evergreens. 

pubescens,  R.  Br.  "  "          "  u 

ARETHUSA,  Gronov.         Arethusa. 

bulbosa,  L.  Bogs.     Not  rare. 

CALOPOGON,  R.  Br.         Grass  Pink. 

pulchellus,  R.  Br.  Bogs.     Not  rare. 

POGONIA,  Juss.         Pogonia. 

ophioglossoides,  Nutt.  Common  in  southern  part  of 

the  county. 

verticillata,  Nutt.  Woods.     Rather  rare. 

ORCHIS,  L.         Orchis. 

spectabilis,  L.  Rich  woods.     Rare. 

HABENARIA,  Willd.         Rein-Orchis. 

tridentata,  Hook.  Worcester.     G.  Coult. 

virescens,  Spreng.  Wet  meadows.     Millbury. 

bracteata,  R.  Br.  Mt.  Wachusett. 

obtusata,  Richardson.  Mt.  Wachusett.     M.  Pratt. 

Hookeri,  Torr.  Damp  woods.     Not  rare. 

orbiculata,  Torr.  Rich      "  "       " 

ciliaris,  R.  Br.       Northborough,  Dr.  Bigelow;  Uxbridge, 
Miss  Goldthwaite. 


FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY.        51 

blephariglottis,  Torr.      Westminster.     Miss  E.  J.  Seaver. 
leucophaea,  Gray.  Bolton.     Miss  C.  Knapp. 

Only  one  specimen  was  found,  July,  1894. 
lacera,  R.  Br.     Ragged  Fringed-Orchis.    Quite  common, 
psycodes,  Gray.    Purple  Fringed-Orchis.       "  " 

fimbriata,  R.  Br.       "  "  "  "  " 

CYPRIPEDIUM,  L.         Lady's  Slipper. 

parviflorum,  Salisb.    Smaller  Yellow  Lady's  Slipper.  Rare, 
pubescens,  Willd.       Larger       "  "  "  u 

spectabile,  Swartz.     Showy  Lady's  Slipper.   Ashburnham. 

Prof.  Vose. 
acaule,  Ait.     Stemless  Lady's  Slipper.  Common. 

H^EMODORACE^E. 

ALETRIS,  L.         Colic-root. 

farinosa,  L.  Grassy  places.     Not  common. 

IRIDACE^E. 

IRIS,  Tourn.         Flower-de-Luce. 

versicolor,  L.     Larger  Blue  Flag.  Common. 

SISYRINCHIUM,  L.         Blue-eyed  Grass. 

angustifolium,  Mill.  Moist  meadows,  common. 

anceps,  Cav.  Spencer.     H.  H.  Kingsbury. 

AMARYLLIDACE^:. 

HYPOXIS,  L.         Star-grass. 

erecta,  L.  Meadows,  common. 

LILIACE^. 

SMILAX,  Tourn.         Greenbrier. 

herbacea,  L.     Carrion-Flower.  Quite  common. 


52        FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY. 

rotundifolia,  L.  Common  Greenbrier.  Common. 

ALLIUM,  L.  Onion. 

tricoccum,  Ait.     Wild  Leek.  Tatnuck. 

Canadense,  Kalm.  Wild  Garlic.  Not  rare. 

ORNITHOGALUM,  Tourn.  Star-of-Bethlehem. 

*umbellatum,  L.  Escaped. 

HEMEROCALLIS,  L.  Day-Lily. 

*fulva,  L.  Princeton.  W.  W.  B.  &  J.  F.  C. 

POLYGONATUM,  Tourn.  Solomon's  Seal. 

biflorum,  Ell.  Woods,  common. 

ASPARAGUS,  Tourn.  Asparagus. 

*officinalis,  L.  Escaped. 

SMILACINA,  Desf.  False  Solomon's  Seal. 

racemosa,  Desf.     False  Spikenard.  Quite  common. 

trifolia,  Desf.  Bogs.  Rare  in  southern  part  of  the  county. 
MAIANTHEMUM,  Wigg.  False  Solomon's  Seal. 

Canadense,  Desf.  Moist  woods,  common. 

STREPTOPUS,  Michx.  Twisted-Stalk. 

amplexifolius,  DC.  Mt.  Wachusett.     M.  Pratt. 

roseus,  Michx.  Woods,  common. 

CLINTONIA,  Raf.  Clintonia. 

borealis,  Raf.  Cold  moist  woods,  common. 

UVULARIA,  L.  Bellwort. 

perfoliata,  L.  Rich  woods,  common. 

OAKESIA,  Watson.  Wild  Oats. 

sessilifolia,  Watson.  Low  woods,  common. 

ERYTHRONIUM,  L.  Dog's-tooth  Violet. 

Americanum,  Ker.  Rich  moist  grounds,  common. 

LILIUM,  L.  Lily. 

Philadelphicum,  L.     Wood  Lily.  Not  rare. 


FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY.        53 

superbum,  L.     Turk's-cap  Lily.         Southbridge. 

L.  E.  Ammidown. 

Canadense,  L.     Wild  Yellow  Lily.  Moist  meadows. 

Common. 

*tigrinum,  Ker.     Tiger  Lily.  Escaped. 

MEDEOLA,  Gronov.         Indian  Cucumber-root. 

Virginiana,  L.  Rich  woods,  common. 

TRILLIUM,  L.         Wake  Robin. 

erectum,  L.     Purple  Trillium.          Rich  woods,  common. 

grandiflorum,  Salisb.        Barre.     Miss  Sara  Lane.     Rare. 

cernuum,  L.     Wake  Robin.  Moist  woods,  common. 

erythrocarpum,  Michx.      Painted  Trillium.         Common. 
VERATRUM,  Tourn.         False  Hellebore. 

viride,  Ait.     Indian  Poke.  Common. 

PONTEDERIACE^E. 

PONTEDERIA,  L.         Pickerel-weed. 

cordata,  L.  Shallow  water,  common. 

XYRIDACE^E. 

XYRIS,  Gronov.         Yellow-eyed  Grass. 

flexuosa,  Muhl.  Bogs,  not  rare. 

"       var.  pusilla,  Gray.  "      " 

JUNCACE^E. 

JUNCUS,  Tourn.         Rush. 

effusus,  L.     Common  Rush.  Very  common, 

marginatus,  Rostk.  Moist  sandy  places. 

"  "         var.  *paucicapitatus,  Engelm. 

Princeton.     W.  W.  B.  &  J.  F.  C. 


54        FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY. 

tenuis,  Willd.  Common, 

pelocarpus,  E.  Meyer.     Westminster.  Miss  M.  B.  White. 
militaris,  Bigel.  Bogs  and  streams.     Uxbridge. 

acuminatus,  Michx.  Common. 

Canadensis,  J.  Gay.  Common. 

"  "      "     var.  coarctatus,  Engelm. 

Princeton.      W.  W.  B.  &  J.  F.  C. 
LUZULA,  DC.        Wood-Rush. 

vernalis,  DC.  Mt.  Wachusett. 

spadicea,  DC.,  var.  melanocarpa,  Meyer.     "  " 

campestris,  DC.  Woods,  common. 

TYPHACE^E. 

TYPHA,  Tourn.         Cat-tail  Flag. 

latifolia,  L.     Common  Cat-tail.  Marshes,  common. 

SPARGANIUM,  Tourn.         Bur-reed. 

eurycarpum,  Engelm.  Borders  of  ponds,  common, 

simplex,  Huds.  Southbridge.     L.  E.  Ammidown. 

"  "        var.  androcladurn,  Engelm.     G.  E.  Stone. 

"  "          "   angustifolium,      "  "    "       " 

ARACE^E. 

ARIS^EMA,  Martius.         Indian  Turnip. 

triphyllum,  Torr.  Jack-in-the-Pulpit.  Common. 

PELTANDRA,  Raf.  Arrow  Arum. 

undulata,  Raf.  Shallow  water.  Sutton. 

CALLA,  L.  Water  Arum. 

palustris,  L.  Cold  bogs,  common. 

SYMPLOCARPUS,  Salisb.  Skunk  Cabbage. 

foetidus,  Salisb.  Moist  grounds,  common. 


FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY.        55 

ACORUS,  L.         Sweet  Flag. 

Calamus,  L.  Moist  grounds,  not  rare. 

LEMNACE^E. 

LEMNA,  L.         Duckweed. 

minor,  L.  Stagnant  waters,  common. 

ALISMACE^:. 

ALISMA,  L.         Water- PI  an  tain. 

Plantago,  L.  Shallow  water,  common. 

SAGITTARIA,  L.         Arrow-head. 

variabilis,  Engelm.        In  water  or  wet  places.     Common, 
var.  *obtusa.  G.  E.  Stone. 

11  "  "     *angustifolia.  "    "       " 

"  "  "     *diversifolia.     Princeton. 

W.  W.  B.  &J.  F.  C. 

"  "  "     gracilis,  Engelm.       G.  E.  Stone. 

graminea,  Michx.  "    "       " 

NAIADACE^E. 

POTAMOGETON,  Tourn.         Pondweed.   (By  the  late  Rev.  Thos. 

Morong.) 
natans,  L.  Very  common. 

"       "  var.  *prolixus,  Koch. 

Oakesianus,  Robbins.  Uxbridge. 

Pennsylvanicus,  Cham.      Common  in  streams  and  ponds. 
Vaseyi,  Robbins.  Lake  Quinsigamond. 

Spirillus,  Tuckerm.  Common, 

hybridus,  Michx.  " 

fluitans,  Roth.  Worcester.     Miss  E.  W.  Sargent. 


56        FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY. 

amplifolius,  Tuckerm.  Lake  Quinsigamond. 

heterophyllus,  Schreb.  "  " 

"  "         var.  myriophyllus,  Robbins. 

Lake  Quinsigamond. 

obtusifolius,  Mertens  &  Koch.    Beaver  Brook,  Worcester, 
pauciflorus,  *Pursh.  Lake  Quinsigamond. 

pusillus,  L.  Common. 

"         "   var. tenuissimus,  Koch.  " 

gemmiparus,  Robbins.  " 

Tuckermani,  Robbins.  Shockalog  Pond,  Uxbridge. 

Robbinsii,  Oakes.  Lake  Quinsigamond. 

NAIAS,  L.         Naiad. 

flexilis,  Rostk  &  Schmidt.  Lake  Quinsigamond. 

T.  Morong. 

Indica,  Cham.,  var.  gracillima,  A.  Br.  Lake  Quinsigamond. 

T.  Morong. 

ERIOCAULE^E. 

ERIOCAULON,  L.         Pipewort. 

septangulare,  With.  Borders  of  ponds,  not  rare. 

CYPERACE^;. 

CYPERUS,  Tourn.         Galingale. 

diandrus,  Torr.  Low  grounds. 

filiculmis,  Vahl.  Dry  soil. 

dentatus,  Torr.  Margins  of  ponds,  not  rare. 

strigosus,  L.  Swamps. 
DULICHIUM,  Pers.         Dulichium. 

spathaceum,  Pers.  Swamps. 


FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY.        57 

ELEOCHARIS,  R.  Br.         Spike-Rush. 

ovata,  R.  Br.  Swamps. 

palustris,  R.  Br.  Ponds. 

intermedia,  Schultes. 

tenuis,  Schultes.  Margins  of  ponds. 

acicularis,  R.  Br.  Worcester.     Prof.  Eaton. 

pygmaea,  Torr.  G.  E.  Stone. 

FIMBRISTYLIS,  Vahl.         Fimbristylis. 

autumnalis,  Roem.  &  Schultes.  Low  grounds. 

capillaris,  Gray.  Dry  soil. 

SCIRPUS,  Tourn.         Bulrush. 

subterminalis,  Torr.  Slow  streams. 

lacustris,  L.     Great  Bulrush.  Ponds  and  streams. 

sylvaticus,  L.  Brooks.     Prof.  Eaton. 

atrovirens,  Muhl.  Wet  places,  common. 

polyphyllus,  Vahl.  Worcester.     Prof.  Eaton. 

ERIOPHORUM,  L.         Cotton-Grass. 

cyperinum,  L.  Swamps,  common. 

alpinum,  L.  Eastern  part  of  the  county. 

vaginatum,  L.  Worcester.     G.  Coult. 

Virginicum,  L.  Low  meadows,  common. 

polystachyon,  L.  "  "  " 

"  "  var.  *latifolium,  Gray.        Bogs,  not  rare. 

gracile,  Koch.  "       "      " 

RHYNCHOSPORA,  Vahl.         Beak-Rush. 

glomerata,  Vahl.  Low  grounds,  not  rare. 

CAREX,  Ruppius.         Sedge. 

folliculata,  L.  Quite  common. 

intumescens,  Rudge.  Meadows. 


58        FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY. 

lupulina,  Muhl.  Swamps, 

monile,  Tuckerm.  Meadows, 

bullata,  Schkuhr. 
lurida,  Wahl. 

Pseudo-Cyperus,  L.  Fitchburg.     Prof.  Eaton. 

"  "         "  var.  Americana,  Hochst.        Millbury. 

vestita,  Willd.  Meadows. 

filiform  is,  L.  Worcester.     Prof.  Eaton. 

"          "  var.  latifolia,  Boeckl.        "  "          " 

trichocarpa,  Muhl. 

riparia,  W.  Curtis.  Swamps, 

fusca,  All.  Bogs.     Southbridge." 

stricta,  Lam.  " 

prasina,  Wahl.  Meadows  and  bogs.     Not  common, 

crinita,  Lam.  Bogs,  common, 

virescens,  Muhl.  Copses. 

"  "       var.  *costata,  Dewey.     Princeton. 

W.  W.  B.  &J.  F.  C. 

triceps,  Michx.,  var.  hirsuta,  Bailey.  Woods, 

longirostris,  Torr.     Princeton.          W.  W.  B.  &  J.  F.  C. 
arctata,  Boott.  Woods  and  copses, 

debilis,  Michx.,  var.  Rudgei,  Bailey.  Swamps, 

gracillima,  Schwein.  Woodlands,  common, 

grisea,  Wahl.  Moist  grounds, 

flava,  L.  Worcester.     Prof.  Eaton. 

pallescens,  L.  Glades  and  meadows,  common, 

conoidea,  Schkuhr.  Grassy  places, 

laxiflora,  Lam.  Grassy  places,  common. 

"  "      var.  *latifolia,  Boott.         Princeton. 

W.  W.  B.  &J.  F.  C. 


FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY.        59 

digitalis,  Willd.  Dry  woods.     G.  E.  Stone. 

platyphylla,  Carey.          Southbridge.     L.  E.  Ammidown. 
plantaginea,  Lam.  "  "    "  " 

tetanica,  Schkuhr.  Wet  meadows, 

varia,  Muhl.  Dry  woods. 

Pennsylvania,  Lam.  Dry  fields,  common, 

umbellata,  Schkuhr.  Grassy  knolls.     Not  common, 

pubescens,  Muhl.  Copses.     G.  E.  Stone. 

Willdenovii,  Schkuhr.  Worcester.     Prof.  Eaton. 

polytrichoides,  Muhl.  Swamps, 

stipata,  Muhl.  Roadsides.     Not  rare, 

teretiuscula,  Gooden.  Worcester.     Prof.  Eaton. 

vulpinoidea,  Michx.  Meadows, 

rosea,  Schkuhr.  Rich  woods. 

"  "         var.  *radiata,  Dewey.     Princeton. 

W.  W.B.  &J.F.  C. 

sparganioides,  Muhl.  Meadows. 

*muricata,  L.  Princeton.      W.  W.  B.  &  J.  F.  C. 

Muhlenbergii,  Schkuhr.  Open  sterile  soil, 

cephaloidea,  Dewey.  Wet  meadows, 

cephalophora,  Muhl.  Dry  soil, 

echinata,  Murray,  var.  cephalantha,  Bailey.  Rare, 

var.  *microstachys,  Bceckl. 

Princeton.        W.  W.  B.  &  J.  F.  C. 
canescens,  L.  Swamps. 

"          "  var.  vulgaris,  Bailey.  Common, 

trisperma,  Dewey.  Swamps. 

Deweyana,  Schwein.  Worcester.     Prof.  Eaton. 

bromoides,  Schkuhr.  Swampy  woods. 


60        FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY. 

tribuloides,  Wahl.,  var.  cristata,  Bailey.     Worcester. 

Prof.  Eaton. 

scoparia,  Schkuhr.  Meadows, 

straminea,  Willd.     »  Dry  fields.     Prof.  Eaton. 

"  "      var.  mirabilis,  Tuckerm. 

Princeton.     W.  W.  B.  &  J.  F.  C. 

GRAMINE^E. 

PASPALUM,  L.         Paspalum. 

setaceum,  Michx.  Pastures. 

laeve,  Michx.  G.  E.  Stone. 
PANICUM,  L.  Panic-Grass. 

*glabrum,  Gaudin.  Pastures. 

*sanguinale,  L.     Common  Crab-Grass.  Common. 

capillare,  L.     Old-witch  Grass.  " 

agrostoides,  Muhl.  Sandy  margins  of  ponds. 

xanthophysum,  Gray.  Princeton. 

latifolium,  L.  Moist  thickets. 

depauperatum,  Muhl.  Dry  hills. 

dichotomum,  L.  Common. 

*Crus-galli,  L.     Barnyard -Grass.  " 

*miliaceum,  L.  East  Worcester. 
SETARIA,  Beauv.  Bristly  Foxtail  Grass. 

*glauca,  Beauv.     Foxtail.  Not  rare. 

*viridis,  Beauv.     Green  Foxtail.  "       " 

*Italica,  Kunth.  Hungarian  Grass.  Rarely  spontaneous. 
CENCHRUS,  L.  Bur-Grass. 

tribuloides,  L.  Sandy  soil. 
LEERSIA,  Swartz.  White  Grass. 

oryzoides,  Swartz.     Rice  Cut-grass.  Swamps. 


FLORA*  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY.        6 1 

ANDROPOGON,  Royen.         Beard-Grass. 

furcatus,  Muhl.  Dry  soil.     Not  rare. 

scoparius,  Michx.  Poor  soil.     Common. 

Virginicus,  L.  Princeton.  Prof.  Eaton. 

CHRYSOPOGON,  Trin.  Broom-Corn. 

nutans,  Benth.  Wood- Grass.  Quite  common. 

PHALARIS,  L.  Canary-Grass. 

*Canariensis,  L.     Canary-Grass.  Waste  places. 

arundinacea,  L.  Reed  Canary-Grass.  Wet  grounds. 

ANTHOXANTHUM,  L.  Sweet  Vernal-Grass. 

*odoratum,  L.  Meadows,  common. 

STIPA,  L.  Feather-Grass. 

Richardsonii,  Link.  Mt.  Wachusett.  Prof.  Eaton. 

ORYZOPSIS,  Michx.  Mountain  Rice. 

melanocarpa,  Muhl.      Princeton.      W.  W.  B.  &J.  F.  C. 

asperifolia,  Michx.  Mt.  Wachusett. 

Canadensis,  Torr.  West  Boylston.  Prof.  Eaton. 

MUHLENBERGIA,  Schreber.  Drop-seed  Grass. 

glomerata,  Trin.  Southbridge.     L.  E.  Ammidown. 

Mexicana,  Trin.  Princeton.      W.  W.  B.  &  J.  F.  C. 

sylvatica,  Torr.  &  Gray.  Copses,  common. 

WTilldenovii,  Trin.  "  not  rare. 

diffusa,  Schreber.  Drop-seed.  Dry  hills. 

BRACHYELYTRUM,  Beauv. 

aristatum,  Beauv.  Copses. 

PHLEUM,  L.  Cat's-tail  Grass. 

*pratense,  L.  Timothy.  Common. 

ALOPECURUS,  L.  Foxtail  Grass. 

*pratensis,  L.     Meadow  Foxtail.  Common. 


62        FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY. 

geniculatus,  L.,  var.  aristulatus,  Torr.  In  very  wet  places. 
SPOROBOLUS,  R.  Br.  Drop-seed  Grass. 

vaginseflorus,  Vasey.  Dry  fields. 

AGROSTIS,  L.  Bent-Grass. 

*alba,  L.     White  Bent-Grass.  Common. 

*  "      "  var.  vulgaris,  Thurber.     Red  Top. 

perennans,  Tuckerm.     Thin-Grass.  Damp  places. 

scabra,  Willd.  Hair-Grass.  Dry  places. 

CINNA,  L.  Wood  Reed-Grass. 

arundinacea,  L.  Woods,  not  rare. 

pendula,  Trin.  Princeton.  W.  W.  B.  &  J.  F.  C. 

CALAMAGROSTIS,  Adans.  Reed  Bent-Grass. 

Canadensis,  Beauv.     Blue-Joint  Grass.  Meadows. 

Nuttalliana,  Steud.  Moist  grounds. 

ARRHENATHERUM,  Beauv.  Oat-Grass. 

*avenaceum,  Beauv.  Meadows. 

HOLCUS,  L.  Meadow  Soft-Grass. 

*lanatus,  L.  Velvet-Grass.  Moist  meadows. 

DESCHAMPSIA,  Beauv.  Hair-Grass. 

flexuosa,  Trin.  Common  Hair-Grass.  Mt.  Wachusett. 
AVENA,  Tourn.  Oat. 

*sativa,  L.  Occasionally  spontaneous. 

striata,  Michx.  G.  E.  Stone. 

DANTHONIA,  DC.  Wild  Oat-Grass. 

spicata,  Beauv.  Pastures. 

PHRAGMITES,  Trin.  Reed. 

communis,  Trin.  Westborough.  A.  N.  Randlett. 

ERAGROSTIS,  Beauv. 

*major,  Host.  Waste  places. 


FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY. 


Purshii,  Schrader.  G.  E.  Stone. 

pectinacea,  Gray.  Pastures. 

DACTYLIS,  L.         Orchard  Grass. 

*glomerata,  L.  Common. 

BRIZA,  L.         Quaking  Grass. 

*media,  L.  Pastures. 

POA,  L.         Meadovv-Grass. 

*annua,  L.     Low  Spear-Grass.  Common. 

serotina,  Ehrh.     False  Red-top.  " 

pratensis,  L.     June  Grass. 
GLYCERIA,  R.  Br.         Manna-Grass. 

Canadensis,  Trin.     Rattlesnake-Grass.  Wet  places. 

obtusa,  Trin.  "         " 

nervata,  Trin.     Fowl  Meadow-Grass.         Moist  meadows. 

fluitans,  R.  Br.  Shallow  water. 

acutiflora,  Torr.  Wet  places. 

FESTUCA,  L.         Fescue-Grass. 

ovina,  L.     Sheep's  Fescue.  G.  E.  Stone. 

nutans,  Willd.  Princeton.      W.  W.  B.  &>  J.  F.  C. 

*elatior,  L.     Meadow  Fescue.  Rich  grassland. 

"         "  var.  pratensis,  Gray.  Princeton. 

W.  W.  B.  &J.  F.  C. 
BROMUS,  L.         Brome-Grass. 

*secalinus,  L.     Cheat. 

*racemosus,  L.     Upright  Chess. 

ciliatus,  L. 

*asper,  L.  Princeton. 

*tectorum,  L. 
LOLIUM,  L.         Darnel. 

perenne,  L.     Common  Darnel.  Fields,  etc. 


Waste  grounds. 

((  1C 

River  banks,  etc. 

W.  W.  B.  &J.  F.  C. 

Waste  grounds. 


64        FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY. 

AGROPYRUM,  Gaertn.         Wheat- Grass. 

repens,  Beauv.     Quitch-Grass.  Common. 

ELYMUS,  L.         Wild  Rye. 

Virginicus,  L.  Wet  places. 

Canadensis,  L.  "         " 

ASPRELLA,  Willd.         Bottle-brush  Grass. 

Hystrix,  Willd.  Moist  woodlands. 

SERIES   II.     CRYPTOGAMIA. 

CLASS  III.     ACROGEN^E. 
SUBCLASS  I.     PTERIDOPHYTA. 

EQUISETACE^E. 

EQUISETUM,  L.         Horsetail. 

arvense,  L.     Common  Horsetail.  Gravelly  soil, 

sylvaticum,  L.  Moist  shaded  places, 

limosum,  L.  In  shallow  water, 

hyemale,  L.  G.  E.  Stone. 

scirpoides,  Michx.  Southbridge.     Z.  E.  Ammidown. 

FILICES.     v 

POLYPODIUM,  L.         Polypody. 

vulgare,  L.  Rocks,  common. 

ADIANTUM,  L.  Maidenhair. 

pedatum,  L.  Rich  moist  woods. 

PTERIS,  L.  Brake. 

aquilina,  L.  Common  Brake.  Thickets,  common. 

ASPLENIUM,  L.  Spleenwort. 

Trichomanes,  L.  Rare. 


FLORA    OF   WORCESTER   COUNTY.  65 

ebeneum,  Ait.  Common. 

thelypteroides,  Michx. 

Filix-fcemina,  Bernh.  " 

PHEGOPTERIS,  Fe"e.         Beech  Fern. 

polypodioides,  Fee.  Damp  woods. 

hexagonoptera,  Fe"e. 

Dryopteris,  Fe"e. 
ASPIDIUM,  Swartz.         Shield  Fern. 

Thelypteris,  Swartz.  Woodlands,  common. 

Noveboracense,  Swartz.  "  " 

spinulosum,  Swartz,  var.  intermedium,  D.  C.  Eaton. 

Common. 

cristatum,  Swartz.  Quite        " 

"  "        var.  Clintonianum.  Worcester. 

Goldianum,  Hook.  Spencer.     Miss  A.  E.  Tucker. 

marginale,  Swartz.  Rich  woods,  common. 

acrostichoides,  Swartz.     Christmas  Fern.  " 

CYSTOPTERIS,  Bernh.         Bladder  Fern. 

fragilis,  Bernh.  Worcester. 

ONOCLEA,  L.         Onoclea. 

sensibilis,  L.     Sensitive  Fern.  Very  common. 

"  "  var.  *obtusilobata.     Princeton. 

W.  W.  B.  6-/.  F.  C. 

Struthiopteris,  Hoffm.     Ostrich  Fern.  Worcester. 

WOODSIA,  R.  Br.         Woodsia. 

Ilvensis,  R.  Br.  Spencer.     Miss  A.  E.  Tucker. 

obtusa,  Torr.  Miss  Wheelock. 

DICKSONIA,  L'Her.         Dicksonia. 

pilosiuscula,  Willd.  Moist  shady  places,  common. 


66        FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY. 

LYGODIUM,  Swartz.         Climbing  Fern. 

palmatum,  Swartz.  Uxbridge,  Oxford.     Rare. 

OSMUNDA,  L.         Flowering  Fern. 

regalis,  L.  Swamps,  common. 

Claytoniana,  L.  Low  grounds,        " 

cinnamomea,  L.     Cinnamon  Fern.  " 

OPHIOGLOSSACE^:. 

BOTRYCHIUM,  Swartz.         Moonwort. 

lanceolatum,  Angstroem.  Princeton.  IV.  W.  B.  &J.  F.  C. 

matricarisefolium,  Braim.        "  "          "        " 

ternatum,  Swartz.  Pastures. 

"               "        var.  lunarioides.  " 

."               "         u     intermedium.  " 

"     dissecturn. 

Virginianum,  Swartz.  Rich  woods. 
OPHIOGLOSSUM,  L.         Adder's  Tongue. 

vulgatum,  L.     Worcester.     Spencer,  Miss  A.  E.  Tucker. 

LYCOPODIACE^:. 

LYCOPODIUM,  L.         Club-Moss. 

Selago,  L.  Mt.  Watatic. 

lucidulum,  Michx.     Staghorn  Moss.  Common, 

inundatum,  L.  Sandy  shores, 

annotinum,  L.  Leicester.     G.  Coult. 

obscurum,  L.  Moist  woods,  common, 

clavatum,  L.     Common  Club-Moss, 
complanatum,  L.     Ground  Pine.  " 

"  "  var.  *Cham8ecyparissus.     Leicester. 

G.  Coult. 


FLORA   OF   WORCESTER   COUNTY.  67 

SELAGINELLACE^E. 

SELAGINELLA,  Beauv.         Dwarf  Club-Moss. 

rupestris,  Spring.  Worcester.     G.  T.  Rignel. 

apus,  Spring.  Southbridge.     Z.  E.  Ammidown. 

ISOETES,  L.         Quillwort. 

lacustris,  L.  G.  E.  Stone. 

echinospora,  Durieu,  var.  Braunii,  Engelm.     "    "       " 

riparia,  Engelm.  "    "       " 


NOTE. 

THE  names  of  the  following  species  were  either  accidentally 
omitted  or  received  too  late  to  be  inserted  in  the.  proper 
places  indicated  below : 

PAGE  12. 
HYPERICUM,  Tourn. 

Canadense,  L.,  var.  *majus,  Gray.     Princeton. 

W.  W.  B.  &J.  F.  C. 
ABUTILON,  Tourn.         Indian  Mallow. 

*Avicennse,  Gaertn.     Velvet-Leaf.         Escaped. 

Southbridge.     Z.  E.  Ammidown. 
HIBISCUS,  L.         Rose  Mallow. 

*Trionum,  L.     Bladder  Ketmia.     Southbridge. 

Z.  E.  Ammidown. 
PAGE    14. 
VITIS,  Tourn. 

sestivalis,  Michx.     Summer  Grape.  Common. 


68        FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY. 

9 

PAGE  17. 
LATHYRUS,  Tourn. 

palustris,  L.  Berlin.     Miss  J.  M.  Nichols. 

PAGE  21. 
CALLITRICHE,  L. 

heterophylla,  Pursh.  Mt.  Wachusett.  W.  W.  B.  &J.  F.  C. 

PAGE  34. 
RHODODENDRON,  L. 

viscosum,  Torr.,  var.  *glaucum,  Gray. 

Princeton.      W.  W.  B.  &  J.  F.  C. 

PAGE  47. 
QUERCUS,  L. 

palustris,  DuRoi.     Pin  Oak.  In  the  southern  part  of 

the  county. 

The  hope  expressed  on  page  33  concerning  Andromeda 
polifolia,  L.  has  been  fulfilled  since  that  page  was  printed. 
October  18,  1894,  Mr.  G.  S.  Newcomb  of  Westborough  re- 
ported to  me  the  finding  of  this  shrub  in  a  swamp  close  by 
that  village,  and  a  few  days  later  I  had  the  pleasure  of  visiting 
the  locality  and  of  finding  it  in  abundance. 

%*  I  shall  be  glad  to  receive  any.  information  as  to  the 
discovery  of  species  hitherto  unrecorded  within  our  limits,  or 
any  facts  concerning  the  distribution  of  our  rarer  species  al- 
ready recorded. 

The  preceding  list  contains  1,098  species  and  varieties,  of 
which  55  are  cryptogams. 


APPENDIX. 


THE  trees,  shrubs  and  evergreen   flowering   plants   growing 
without  cultivation  in  Worcester  County. 


Coptis  trifolia,  Salisb. 
Liriodendron  Tulipifera,  L. 
Berberis  vulgaris,  L. 
Tilia  Americana,  L. 
Xanthoxylum  Americanum,  Mill. 
Ilex  verticillata,  Gray. 

laevigata,  Gray. 

Nemopanthes  fascicularis,  Raf. 
Celastrus  scandens,  L. 
Rhamnus  cathartica,  L. 
Ceanothus  Americanus,  L. 
Vitis  Labrusca,  L. 

sestivalis,  Michx. 

cordifolia,  Michx. 

riparia,  Michx. 

Ampelopsis  quinquefolia,  Michx. 
Acer  Pennsylvanicum,  L. 

spicatum,  Lam. 

saccharinum,  Wang. 


Goldthread. 

Tulip-Tree. 

Barberry. 

Basswood. 

Northern  Prickly  Ash. 

Black  Alder. 

Smooth  Winterberry. 

Mountain  Holly. 

Climbing  Bitter-sweet. 

Common  Buckthorn. 

New  Jersey  Tea. 

Northern  Fox-Grape. 

Summer  Grape. 

Frost  Grape. 

River  Grape. 

Virginian  Creeper. 

Striped  Maple. 

Mountain      " 

Rock      " 


FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY. 


dasycarpum,  Ehrh. 

rubrum,  L. 
Rhus  typhina,  L. 

glabra,  L. 

copallina,  L. 

verienata,  DC. 

Toxicodendron,  L. 

"  "  var.  radicans,  L. 

Genista  tinctoria,  L. 
Robinia  Pseudacacia,  L. 

viscosa,  Vent. 
Primus  pumila,  L. 

Pennsylvania,  L.  f. 

Virginiana,  L. 

serotina,  Ehrh. 
Spiraea  salicifolia,  L. 

tomentosa,  L. 
Physocarpus  opulifolius,  Maxim. 


White  Maple. 

Red      " 

Staghorn  Sumach. 
Smooth 
Dwarf 

Poison  Dogwood. 
Poison  Ivy. 


Dyer's  Greenweed. 
Common  Locust. 
Clammy       " 

Dwarf  Cherry. 
Wild  Red       « 
Choke       " 
Wild  Black       " 
Common  Meadow-Sweet. 
Hardhack. 
Nine-bark. 


Rubus  odoratus,  L. 

strigosus,  Michx. 

occidentalis,  L. 

villosus,  Ait. 

Canadensis,  «L. 

hispidus,  L. 
Potentilla  fruticosa,  L. 
Rosa  blanda,  Ait. 

Carolina,  L. 

lucida,  Ehrh. 

humilis,  Marsh. 


Purple  Flowering-Raspberry. 
Wild  Red 

Thimbleberry. 
High  Blackberry. 
Low 
Swamp 

Shrubby  Cinquefoil. 
Wild  Rose. 


LIST    OF   TREES  AND    SHRUBS.                        /I 

rubiginosa,  L.  Sweetbrier. 

Pyrus  arbutifolia,  L.  f.  Choke-berry. 

"           "  "  var.  melanocarpa,  Hook.  " 

Americana,  DC.  American  Mountain-Ash. 

aucuparia,  Gaertn.  European             " 

Malus,  L.  Wild  Apple. 

communis,  L.  "       Pear. 

Crataegus  coccinea,  L.  White  Thorn. 
"  var.  mollis,  Torr.  &  Gray.        " 

punctata,  Jacq.  "         " 

Amelanchier  Canadensis,  Torr.  &  Gray.  Shad-bush. 

Hydrangea  arborescens,  L.  Wild  Hydrangea. 

Ribes  Cynosbati,  L.  Gooseberry. 

rotundifolium,  Michx.  " 

oxyacanthoides,  L.  " 

prostratum,  L'Her.  Fetid  Currant. 

floridum,  L'Her.  Wild  Black 

rubrum,  L.,  var.  subglandulosum,  Maxim.     Red        " 

Hamamelis  Virginiana,  L.  Witch-Hazel. 

Decodon  verticillatus,  Ell.  Swamp  Loosestrife. 

Aralia  hispida,  Vent.  Bristly  Sarsaparilla. 

Cornus  florida,  L.  Flowering  Dogwood. 

circinata,  L'Her.  Round-leaved  Cornel. 

sericea,  L.  Silky       " 

stolonifera,  Michx.  Red-osier  Dogwood. 

paniculata,  L'Her.  Panicled  Cornel. 

alternifolia,  L.  f.  Alternate-leaved      " 

Nyssa  sylvatica,  Marsh.  Tupelo. 


FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY. 


Sambucus  Canadensis,  L. 

racemosa,  L. 
Viburnum  lantanoides,  Michx. 

Opulus,  L. 

acerifolium,  L. 

dentatum,  L. 

cassinoides,  L. 

Lentago,  L. 

Linnaea  borealis,  Gronov. 
Syinphoricarpus  racemosus,  Michx. 
Lonicera  ciliata,  Muhl. 

caerulea,  L.  Mountain 


Common  Elder. 
Red-berried      " 

Hobble-bush. 
Cranberry- tree. 
Arrow-wood. 


Withe-rod. 

Sweet  Viburnum. 

Twin-flower. 

Snowberry. 

Fly-Honeysuckle. 


hirsuta,  Eaton. 

glauca,  Hill. 

Diervilla  trifida,  Mcench. 
Cephalanthus  occidentalis,  L. 
Mitchella  repens,  L. 
Gaylussacia  dumosa,  Torr.  &  Gray. 

frondosa,  Torr.  &  Gray. 

resinosa,  Torr.  &  Gray. 
Vaccinium  Pennsylvanicum,  Lam. 

Canadense,  Kalm. 

vacillans,  Solander. 

corymbosum,  L.  &  vars. 

Oxycoccus,  L. 

macrocarpon,  Ait. 
Chiogenes  serpyllifolia,  Salisb. 
Arctostaphylos  Uva-ursi,  Spreng. 
Epigsea  repens,  L. 
Gaultheria  procumbens,  L. 


Hairy  " 

a 

Bush  Honeysuckle. 
Button-bush. 
Partridge-berry. 
Dwarf  Huckleberry. 
Dangleberry. 
Huckleberry. 
Dwarf  Blueberry. 
Canada         " 
Low 
High 

Small  Cranberry. 
Large 

Creeping  Snowberry. 

Bearberry. 

Trailing  Arbutus. 

Checkerberry. 


LIST   OF   TREES   AND    SHRUBS.  73 

Andromeda  polifolia,  L.  Water  Andromeda. 

ligustrina,  Muhl.  Andromeda. 

Leucothoe  racemosa,  Gray.  Leucothoe. 

Cassandra  calyculata,  Don.  Leather- Leaf. 

Kalmia  latifolia,  L.  Mountain  Laurel. 

angustifolia,  L.  Sheep       " 

glauca,  Ait.  Pale       " 

Rhododendron  viscosum,  Torr.  White  Azalea. 

"      var.  glaucum,  Gray. 

White  Azalea. 

nudiflorum,  Torr.  Swamp  Pink. 

Rhodora,  Don.  Rhodora. 

maximum,  L.  Rhododendron. 

Ledum  latifolium,  Ait.  Labrador  Tea. 

Clethra  alnifolia,  L.  Sweet  Pepperbush. 

Chimaphila  umbellata,  Nutt.  Prince's  Pine. 

maculata,  Pursh.  Spotted  Wintergreen. 

Moneses  grandiflora,  Salisb.  One-flowered  Pyrola. 

Pyrola  secunda,  L.  Wintergreen. 

chlorantha,  Swartz.  " 

elliptica,  Nutt.  Shin-leaf. 

rotundifolia,  L.  Wintergreen. 

Fraxinus  Americana,  L.  White  Ash. 

sambucifolia,  Lam.  Black  Ash. 

Sassafras  officinale,  Nees.  Sassafras. 

Lindera  Benzoin,  Blume.  Spice-bush. 

Dirca  palustris,  L.  Leatherwood. 

Daphne  Mezereum,  L.  Mezereum. 

Ulmus  fulva,  Michx.  Slippery  Elm. 

Americana,  L.  American    " 


74 


FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY. 


Celtis  occidentalis,  L.  Hackberry. 

Mr.  G.  A.  Cheney  assures  me  that  he  has  found  it  grow- 
ing in  Sturbridge  and  elsewhere  in  the  county. 


Morus  alba,  L. 
Platanus  occidentalis,  L. 
Juglans  cinerea,  L. 
Carya  alba,  Nutt. 

porcina,  Nutt. 

amara,  Nutt. 
Myrica  Gale,  L. 

cerifera,  L. 

asplenifolia,  Endl. 
Betula  lenta,  L. 

lutea,  Michx.  f. 

populifolia,  Ait. 

papyrifera,  Marshall. 


White  Mulberry. 
Buttonwood. 
Butternut. 
Shag-bark  Hickory. 

Pig-nut        " 
Bitter-nut        " 

Sweet  Gale. 
Bayberry. 
Sweet  Fern. 
Black  Birch. 
Yellow      " 
Gray      " 
Paper      " 
Red      " 
Speckled  Alder. 

Smooth      " 
Wild  Hazel-nut. 
Beaked 

Hop-Hornbeam. 
Hornbeam. 
White  Oak. 

Bur    " 
I  am  indebted  to  Mrs.  H.  G.  Waite  for  the  addition  of 

this  species. 

bicolor,  Willd.  Swamp  White  Oak. 

Prinus,  L.  Chestnut     " 

"        "    var.  monticola,  Michx.       Rock         "  " 


mgra. 


L. 


Alnus  incana,  Willd. 

serrulata,  Willd. 
Corylus  Americana,  Walt. 

rostrata,  Ait. 
Ostrya  Virginica,  Willd. 
Carpinus  Caroliniana,  Walt. 
Quercus  alba,  L. 

macrocarpa,  Michx. 


LIST   OF  TREES    AND  SHRUBS.                       75 

prinoides,  Willd.  Dwarf  Chestnut  Oak. 

rubra,  L.  Red     " 

coccinea,  Wang.  Scarlet     " 

"             "        var.  tinctoria,  Gray.  Black     " 

palustris,  DuRoi.  Pin     " 

Miss  A.  H.  Tucker  in  Trees  of  Worcester. 

ilicifolia,  Wang.        .  Scrub     " 

Castanea  sativa,  Mill.,  var.  Americana,  Michx.            Chestnut. 

Fagus  ferruginea,  Ait.  Beech. 

Salix  nigra,  Marsh.  Black  Willow, 

lucida,  Muhl.  Shining       " 

fragilis,  L.  Crack       " 

alba,  L.  White       " 

"      "  var.  vitellina,  Koch.  "            " 

rostrata,  Richardson.  Beaked       " 

discolor,  Muhl.  Glaucous       " 

humilis,  Marsh.  Prairie       " 

tristis,  Ait.  Dwarf  Gray       " 

sericea,  Marsh.  Silky       " 

cordata,  Muhl.  Heart-leaved       " 

myrtilloides,  L.  " 

Populus  tremuloides,  Michx.  American  Aspen, 

grandidentata,  Michx.  Large-toothed      " 
balsamifera,  L.,  var.  candicans,  Gray.         Balm  of  Gilead. 

monilifera,  Ait.  Cottonwood. 

Pinus  Strobus,  L.  White  Pine, 

rigida,  Mill.  Pitch     " 

resinosa,  Ait.  Red     " 

Picea  nigra,  Link.  Black  Spruce. 


FLORA  OF  WORCESTER  COUNTY. 


Tsuga  Canadensis,  Carr. 
Abies  balsamea,  Mill. 
Larix  Americana,  Michx. 
Chamaecyparis  sphaeroidea,  Spach. 
Juniperus  communis,  L. 

Sabina,  L.,  var.  procumbens,  Pursh. 

Virginiana,  L. 
Taxus  Canadensis,  Willd. 
Smilax  rotundifolia,  L. 


Hemlock. 
Balsam  Fir. 
Hackmatack. 
White  Cedar. 

Common  Juniper. 
tt 

Red  Cedar. 
Ground  Hemlock. 
Common  Greenbrier. 


